In this study, Cu ₂ S was dissolved in Reline DES, and then separated and recovered as copper and sulfur by one-step electrolysis.

Complex Ir2 exhibited a high PLQY of 0.87, a T _d of 445 °C and a peak EQE of 27.5%.

Separating P₂O₅ from steelmaking slag is the key to achieving optimum resource utilization of slag. If the P-concentrating 2CaO∙SiO₂–3CaO∙P₂O₅ solid solution was effectively separated, it can be a potential phosphate resource and the remaining slag rich in Fe₂O₃ and CaO can be reutilized as a flux in steelmaking process. In this study, a low-cost method of selective leaching was adopted, and hydrochloric acid was selected as leaching agent. The dissolution behavior of quenched steelmaking slags with different composition in the acidic solution was investigated and the dissolution mechanism was clarified. It was found that the P dissolution ratio from each slag was higher than those of other elements, achieving an effective separation of P and Fe. The dissolution ratios of P, Ca, and Si decreased as the P₂O₅ content in slag increased. A higher Fe₂O₃ content in slag led to a lower P dissolution ratio. Increasing slag basicity facilitated the dissolution of P from slag. The residue mainly composed of matrix phase and the P₂O₅ content decreased significantly through selective leaching. The P dissolution ratio from slag was primarily determined by the P distribution ratio in the 2CaO∙SiO₂–3CaO∙P₂O₅ solid solution and the precipitation of ferric phosphate in the leachate. The P-concentrating solid solution was effectively separated from quenched steelmaking slag, even though hydrochloric acid was used as leaching agent.

TiO₂ nanoparticles and Mg alloy were added to molten steel in sequence to investigate the inclusion and microstructure characteristics. Compared with a non-treated sample, these additives resulted in the formation of Ti–Mg-bearing inclusions, which proves that the additives were valid. The size evolution from nanometer-scale TiO₂ to micrometer-scale oxides hints at the agglomeration and growth of the TiO₂ nanoparticles, which is due to the possible formation of a liquid-capillary force, the decomposition reaction of TiO₂, and the higher Gibbs free energy of the nanoparticle. Furthermore, the statistical analysis of the oxides indicated that with the addition of the TiO₂ nanoparticles and Mg alloy, the oxides were refined and their density was higher. Few pure MnS were observed in the treated sample. This is due to the fact that most oxides separated out in the liquid region at 1873 K based on the oxide composition and the calculated Al₂O₃–Ti₃O₅–MgO phase diagram. Thus, MnS preferred to segregate on them during solidification. After etching, it was found that the Ti–Mg-bearing oxide can induce the nucleation of intragranular acicular ferrites. The appearance of these acicular ferrites was not observed in the non-treated sample. This comparison indicates the effectiveness of the external adding method in oxide metallurgy.