Diabetic foot is a severe complication of diabetes, with serious consequences such as amputations and high mortality rates as well as elevated economic costs. To evaluate whether or not nursing staff follow the recommendations of national and international organizations regarding diabetic foot prevention, a cross-sectional and observational descriptive study was carried out using an ad hoc self-administered questionnaire validated by seven experts, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.731. Of the total 164 participants, 157 met the inclusion criteria. Findings showed that 96.58% asked their patients to remove their footwear, 78.34% performed thorough examinations, and 80.25% assessed the risk of developing diabetic foot. Participants educated their patients in self-care and evaluated skills related to diabetic foot control either frequently (84.07%) or very frequently (62.42%), and only 19.11% of them carried out group activity workshops. Significant statistical differences were found in the performance of activities in the groups by participant age intervals, whether working in primary health care or a hospital, having specific training, and the participant’s DM patient ratio. We obtained high percentages of compliance in the assessed activities in comparison to other studies. Nevertheless, we believe it is necessary to encourage screening in specialized care, skills testing, and the implementation of educational group activities and workshops.

Background/Objectives: Emotional eating has been linked to neurobiological mechanisms similar to those observed in addictive behaviors, and this occurrence appears not fully understood, even in academic communities/environments. To supplement existing information, a preliminary assessment of university students’ emotional eating patterns, nutritional status, and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes has been performed in this current work. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 129 students from the University of Extremadura, Spain. Emotional eating was assessed using the Emotional Eating Questionnaire (EEQ) and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire—Spanish version (TFEQ-R18(SP)) questionnaires, while type 2 diabetes risk was evaluated through the Finnish Diabetes Risk (FINDRISC) score test. Anthropometric data, including height, weight, BMI, and body composition, were collected using standardized measurement protocols. Statistical analyses included ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results: Significant differences were observed in BMI (mean ± SD: 23.93 ± 5.36 kg/m²) and total EEQ score (mean ± SD: 9.82 ± 5.82) across FINDRISC risk categories (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). The Very Emotional Eaters group presented higher BMIs and FINDRISC scores, along with greater score dispersion. No significant differences were identified in EEQ subscales. Conclusions: Emotional eating behaviors may serve as indirect indicators of metabolic vulnerability, particularly when combined with excess body weight. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating emotional regulation and mindful eating strategies into health promotion programs for young adults.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide. The aim of our study was to detect people susceptible to DM among a university population aged 18 to 45 years and analyze the existence of modifiable risk factors in order to implement prevention programs, in addition to analyzing BMI data related to the variables under study. We proposed a descriptive, cross-sectional study following the recommendations of cross-sectional studies (STROBE), with a sample of 341 subjects, students enrolled at the University of Extremadura, carried out by two researchers. The research protocol was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the University of Extremadura (165/2021). The study considered the Findrisk questionnaire in Spanish, validated by the Blackboard Study, a stadiometer to measure height, a bioimpedance meter to evaluate weight and body composition parameters, and a blood pressure monitor to measure blood pressure. The results indicated that the participants had a low risk of suffering T2DM. The highest Findrisk test scores were found in those with a BMI value above 25, lower physical activity, poor dietary intake of fruits and vegetables, and increased fat mass. Our future research will be the implementation of T2DM prevention programs, acting on modifiable factors.

Aim: to analyze the efficacy of an educational online intervention focused on lifestyle changes in reducing body weight from baseline to 6 months in the pre-diabetic population of 18–45 years old in Extremadura (Spain). Methods: a single-blind, multicenter randomized parallel-comparison trial with two intervention groups in a 1:1 ratio will be carried out. Participants will be randomly assigned to intervention A or B with 37 cases in each group according to inclusion criteria of being enrolled or working at Extremadura University, scoring >7 points on the Findrisc test and not having diagnosed diabetes mellitus or physical disabilities. Intervention-A group will have access to online information about healthy diet and exercise. Intervention-B group will have access to a six-session educational program regarding behavioral changes in diet and exercise habits. They will complete follow-up activities and have a personal trainer and motivation. The primary outcome will be identifying changes in body weight from baseline to 1 and 6 months and between groups. The secondary outcomes will be accomplishing regular physical activity (>30 min/day or >4 h/week), decreasing sugary food intake or avoiding it altogether, increasing vegetable/fruit intake and lowering HbA1c levels to non-diabetic status when necessary.

Background and Objectives: Analysing the characteristics of the mandibular bone through panoramic radiographs could be useful as a prescreening tool for detecting individuals with osteoporosis. The aims of this study were to evaluate the possible associations between the mandibular cortical index (MCI) and bone mineral density (BMD) in various bone regions, to investigate whether BMD better identifies moderate–severe mandibular erosion or severe mandibular erosion, and to establish BMD cut-off points to identify individuals with moderate or severe mandibular cortical erosion. Methods: This study analysed 179 Spanish Caucasian women between September 2021 and June 2024. Bone measurements, including amplitude-dependent speed of sound (Ad-SOS), the ultrasound bone profiler index (UBPI), and the bone transmission time (BTT), were obtained via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the femoral neck, lumbar spine, and trochanter and quantitative bone ultrasound (QUS) for the phalanx. The MCI was calculated via the Klemetti index from panoramic radiographs. Results: According to the Klemetti index classification, lower QUS measurements in the phalanx and DXA measurements in the femoral neck, trochanter, and lumbar spine were found in women with poorer mandibular cortical bone quality. Our results revealed that, compared with moderate cortical erosion, all the BMD measures had better AUCs when identifying severe cortical erosion. Moreover, femoral neck BMD had the largest area under the curve (AUC = 0.719) for detecting severe mandibular cortical erosion, suggesting a cut-off of <0.703 gr/cm². Finally, predictor analysis of osteoporosis revealed that moderate and severe mandibular cortical erosion, compared with an uninjured mandibular cortical area, was independently associated with a diagnosis of osteoporosis. Conclusions: In conclusion, MCI was associated with BMD measurements assessed by QUS and DXA in various bone regions. Our results suggest that the Klemetti index could be used as a predictor of osteoporosis and fracture risk.

Studies evaluating habitual dietary copper intake and bone mineral density have garnered significant interest due to copper’s indispensable role in collagen cross-linking and osteogenesis. These investigations, which employ dietary assessment tools alongside DXA measurements of skeletal sites, have nonetheless yielded heterogeneous results regarding the impact of copper consumption on bone health. Consequently, elucidating the nature and magnitude of this association is of paramount importance for both nutritional epidemiology and osteoporosis prevention. The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and registered in Prospero (CRD42024617075). Electronic literature searches were performed up to February 2025 in EMBASE, PubMed, OVID, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify observational studies assessing dietary copper intake and DXA-measured BMD, and study quality was appraised using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Data were pooled via a generic inverse-variance random-effects model, with heterogeneity assessed by the Q test and I ² statistic. A random-effects meta‐analysis of three studies (n = 9059) found that higher dietary copper intake was associated with a modest but significant increase in lumbar spine BMD (MD 0.02 g/cm ² ; 95% CI 0.00–0.04; p = 0.04; I ² = 36%), whereas a separate meta‐analysis of four studies (n = 14,345) for hip BMD showed a similar MD of 0.02 g/cm ² that did not reach significance (95% CI − 0.00–0.04; p = 0.07; I ² = 74%). Higher dietary copper intake is modestly associated with increased lumbar spine BMD, while evidence for hip BMD remains inconclusive, underscoring copper’s potential role in osteoporosis prevention.