Synovial-derived cells, found in the synovial membrane of human joints, were obtained by digestion of the synovial membrane and were subsequently expanded in vitro. The identity of synovial-derived cells has long been a topic of debate. The terms “type B synoviocytes,” “fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS),” “synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs),” and “synovial fibroblasts (SF)” appeared in different articles related to human synovial-derived cells in various disease models, yet they seemed to be describing the same cell type. However, to date, there is no clear standard to distinguish these terms; thus, the hypothesis that they represent the same cell type is currently inconclusive. Therefore, this review aims to clarify the similarities and differences between these terms and to diffuse the chaotic nomenclature of synovial-derived cells.

The biomechanical changes in the lower extremity caused by chronic ankle instability (CAI) are not restricted to the ankle joint, but also affect the proximal joints, increasing the risk of joint injury. This study aimed to systematically review the research on CAI and lower extremity angle and movements during side-cutting, stop jumping, and landing tasks, to provide a systematic and basic theoretical basis for preventing lower extremity injury. Literature published from exception to April 2022 were searched in the PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus databases using the keywords of “chronic ankle instability,” “side-cut,” “stop jump,” and “landing.” Only studies that compared participants with chronic ankle instability with healthy participants and assessed lower extremity kinetics or kinematics during side-cutting, stop jumping, or landing were included. The risk of bias assessment was conducted using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa checklist. After title, abstract, and full text screening, 32 studies were included and the average score of the quality evaluation was 7 points (range 6–8). Among them five studies were related to the side-cut task, three studies were the stop-jump task, and twenty-four studies were related to landing. Although the results of many studies are inconsistent, participants with CAI exhibit altered lower extremity proximal joint movement strategies during side cut, stop jump, and landings, however, such alterations may increase the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury.

Background: Ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries in athletic populations. Misdiagnosed and untreated ankle sprains will cause chronic ankle instability (CAI), which can significantly affect the performance of athletes. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of CAI in elite athletes of different sports. Method: This cross-sectional study included 198 elite athletes from Guangdong provincial sports teams. All participants answered a questionnaire about ankle sprains and ankle instability. The severity of their ankle instability was evaluated by the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT). Participants further underwent clinical examinations from sports medicine doctors to determine the presence and characteristics of ankle instability. The datasets were analyzed to determine the differences in prevalence between age, gender, sports teams, and sports categories. Results: In 198 athletes, 39.4% (n = 78) had bilateral CAI while 25.3% (n = 50) had unilateral CAI. Female athletes had a higher prevalence of CAI than male athletes in the study (p = 0.01). Prevalence showed differences between sports categories, and were significantly higher in acrobatic athletes than non-contact athletes (p = 0.03). Conclusions: CAI was highly prevalent among elite athletes in this study, with female athletes and athletes in acrobatic sports being associated with a higher risk of developing CAI in their professional careers. Therefore, extra precautions need to be taken into account when applying ankle protections for these athletes.

Background: The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES) questionnaire is an effective tool for evaluating shoulder joint function. The development and usage of a mobile version of the ASES questionnaire has the potential to save time, money, and effort. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the equivalence between the paper and mobile versions of the ASES questionnaire and their acceptability among patients. Methods: The paper and mobile versions of the ASES questionnaire were used to evaluate the shoulder joint function of 50 patients with shoulder pain. This study included patients from the shoulder clinic of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman method were used to evaluate the agreement (reliability) of the scores obtained by the two methods (paper versus mobile). Results: Of the 50 patients recruited from March 2018 to May 2019, 46 (92%) completed the study. There was a high agreement between the paper and mobile versions of the ASES questionnaire (ICC=0.979, 95% CI 0.943-0.987; P<.001). The mean difference between the scores of the mobile and paper versions was 1.0, and only 1/46 (2%) had a difference greater than the minimal clinically important difference of 12 points. About 75% of patients preferred the mobile version to the paper version. Conclusions: Our study shows that the mobile version of the ASES questionnaire is comparable to the paper version, and has a higher patient preference. This could prove to be a useful tool for epidemiological studies and patient follow-up over longer periods of time.

BACKGROUND The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES) questionnaire is an effective tool for evaluating shoulder joint function. The development and usage of a mobile version of the ASES questionnaire has the potential to save time, money, and effort. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess the equivalence between the paper and mobile versions of the ASES questionnaire and their acceptability among patients. METHODS The paper and mobile versions of the ASES questionnaire were used to evaluate the shoulder joint function of 50 patients with shoulder pain. This study included patients from the shoulder clinic of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman method were used to evaluate the agreement (reliability) of the scores obtained by the two methods (paper versus mobile). RESULTS Of the 50 patients recruited from March 2018 to May 2019, 46 (92%) completed the study. There was a high agreement between the paper and mobile versions of the ASES questionnaire (ICC=0.979, 95% CI 0.943-0.987; P<.001). The mean difference between the scores of the mobile and paper versions was 1.0, and only 1/46 (2%) had a difference greater than the minimal clinically important difference of 12 points. About 75% of patients preferred the mobile version to the paper version. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that the mobile version of the ASES questionnaire is comparable to the paper version, and has a higher patient preference. This could prove to be a useful tool for epidemiological studies and patient follow-up over longer periods of time.

Purpose: (1) To explore postoperative factors associated with effusion after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and (2) to investigate the associations between effusion and quadriceps tension and activation across rehabilitation and return‐to‐sport (RTS) phases. Methods: In this cross‐sectional study, participants were assessed at approximately 3, 6, 12 and ~24 months post‐ACLR and further analysed by phase (3–6 vs. 12–24 months). Effusion (Anterior Cruciate Ligament Osteoarthritis Score [ACLOAS]) and patellar alignment (Insall‐Salvati ratio [ISR], bisect offset [BO], patellar tilt angle [PTA]) were quantified by 3.0‐T magnetic resonance imaging. Quadriceps tension and activation were quantified by shear wave elastography (SWE) and surface electromyography (EMG) during resting and isometric knee extension conditions. Physical activity was assessed using The International Physical Activity Questionnaire‐Short Form (IPAQ‐SF). Ordinal logistic regression tested associations with effusion; generalised linear models evaluated relationships between effusion and muscle outcomes ( α = 0.05). Results: A total of 119 participants (75% male, age 29 ± 6 years) who underwent single‐bundle ACLR with hamstring tendon autograft were included in this study. Higher postoperative physical activity (MET‐min/week) was associated with higher effusion grade at 3‐month (odds ratio [OR] = 1.07, p < 0.01) and 24‐month (OR = 1.05, p = 0.05) groups; greater ISR was associated with higher effusion grade at ≥12 months (OR = 1.08, p < 0.01). Higher effusion grade was associated with higher vastus medialis and lateralis shear modulus at ≥12 months ( B = 7–11 kPa, all p < 0.04) during the isometric knee extension condition; No association was observed for normalised EMG activation (all p > 0.09). Conclusions: Postoperative activity and patella alta were associated with joint effusion after ACLR. Additionally, residual effusion was associated with higher quadriceps tension under submaximal contraction beyond 1 year. These findings suggest that phase‐specific monitoring of physical activity and patellofemoral joint loading may benefit joint health and knee function after ACLR. Level of Evidence: Level IV.