Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been recognized as a serious problem for aquatic ecosystems and a threat to drinking water systems. The proposed method aimed to develop a practical and rapid countermeasure, enabling preemptive responses to massive algal blooms, through which prior to the algal bloom season we can identify HAB-prone regions based on estimations of where harmful algae initiates and develops significantly. The HAB-prone regions were derived from temperature, depth, flow velocity, and sediment concentration data based only on acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) without relying further on supplementary data collection, such as the water quality. For HAB-prone regions, we employed hot-spot analysis using K-means clustering and the Getis-Ord G*, in conjunction with the spatial autocorrelation of Moran’s I and the local index of spatial association (LISA). The validation of the derived HAB-prone regions was conducted for ADCP measurements located at the downstream of Nam and Nakdong River confluence, South Korea, which preceded three months of algal bloom season monitored by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The visual inspection demonstrated that the comparison resulted in an acceptable range of agreement and consistency between the predicted HAB-prone regions and actual UAV-based observations of actual algal blooms.

An experimental technique called difference topology combined with the mathematics of tangle analysis has been used to unveil the structure of DNA bound by the Mu transpososome. However, difference topology experiments can be difficult and time-consuming. We discuss a modification that greatly simplifies this experimental technique. This simple experiment involves using a topoisomerase to trap DNA crossings bound by a protein complex and then running a gel to determine the crossing number of the knotted product(s). We develop the mathematics needed to analyze the results and apply these results to model the topology of DNA bound by 13S condensin and by the condensin MukB.

In modern society, alongside the rapid advancement of science and technology, the role and importance of mathematicsare increasingly being emphasized. Such advancements, including data analysis and artificial intelligence development, relyfundamentally on mathematical thinking and theory, which have become essential elements across all academic disciplines. Against this backdrop, the role of university general mathematics education has become undeniably important. It is necessarynot only for students in science and engineering, but also for those in the humanities and social sciences, to have accessto balanced mathematical education. To this end, universities must focus on developing a variety of general mathematicscourses. This paper presents a detailed case study of the design and operation of a basic general mathematics course titled“Mathematics and Life Sciences,” offered to students in the humanities and social sciences at Y University in Seoul. Thecourse is structured to enable students to learn essential basic mathematics theories that are crucial across various disciplinesand to apply them to phenomena in life sciences. In doing so, students will gain a better understanding of certain interdisciplinaryconnections as well as enhance their thinking and problem-solving skills. Additionally, this paper analyzes the educationaleffects and positive feedback from students obtained through a decade of continuous improvement in the content and operationof this course. Based on this analysis, this paper proposes future directions for development and research tasks in the educationalfield. This research is expected to contribute to the exploration of the direction in which university general mathematicseducation should head.

An experimental technique called difference topology combined with the mathematics of tangle analysis has been used to unveil the structure of DNA bound by the Mu transpososome. However, difference topology experiments can be difficult and time-consuming. We discuss a modification that greatly simplifies this experimental technique. This simple experiment involves using a topoisomerase to trap DNA crossings bound by a protein complex and then running a gel to determine the crossing number of the knotted product(s). We develop the mathematics needed to analyze the results and apply these results to model the topology of DNA bound by 13S condensin and by the condensin MukB. SUMMARY STATEMENT: Tangles are used to model protein-DNA complexes: A 3-dimensional ball represents protein while strings embedded in this ball represent protein-bound DNA. We use this simple model to analyze experimental results.