Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance surveillance plays an important role in generating information about the prevalence of resistant microorganisms. In this study, we summarize a surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and carbapenemase-encoding genes for selected pathogens in Mexican healthcare centers. Methods: Databases of identification and susceptibility results collected from January 1 to March 31, 2024, from forty-one centers were gathered and analyzed using the WHONET software. Some relevant gram-negatives and gram-positives, which were isolated from relevant clinical specimens were included. Isolates were stratified by patient´s age, clinical specimens, and site of attention, and were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). Clinical isolates were collected from January 1 to June 30 and were genotyped for carbapenemase-encoding genes by a polymerase chain reaction test. Results: In total, 8 708 strains were included. Escherichia coli had a higher resistance to carbapenems (p < 0.05) in the 0–17 years group and Klebsiella pneumoniae (p = 0.017), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii (p < 0.05) in the 18–59 years group. P. aeruginosa had higher resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, cefepime, and imipenem (p < 0.05) in the 18–59 years group. K. pneumoniae had the highest resistance to carbapenems (p < 0.05) and cefepime (p < 0.001) in clinical isolates recovered from blood. For P. aeruginosa, the highest resistance to cefepime (p = 0.012) and ceftazidime (p < 0.018) was seen in isolates from urine. For Staphylococcus aureus, a higher resistance was observed for cefoxitin in lower respiratory tract specimens (p < 0.05). E. coli had the highest resistance to carbapenems (p < 0.01), and P. aeruginosa for ceftazidime (p = 0.005), cefepime (p = 0.003), piperacillin-tazobactam (p = <0.01), IPM (p = 0.006), and meropenem (p = <0.01) in clinical isolates recovered from patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). For K. pneumoniae, the highest resistance to ertapenem was observed in clinical isolates from the ICU area (p < 0.035). Finally, 67.9% of A. baumannii and 53.8% of E. coli strains were Multidrug-resistant. Candida albicans isolated from blood had susceptibility to caspofungin 100% and 90.2% for voriconazole. Regarding E. coli non-susceptible to meropenem, 16 (59.2%) were carriers of bla_NDM, and the bla_KPC gene was detected in 2 (40%) strains of K. pneumoniae. In conclusion, carbapenem resistance was higher for E. coli in the 0–17 years group and for K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii in the 18–59 years group. K. pneumoniae has the highest resistance to carbapenems in blood isolates and the ICU area. E. coli and P. aeruginosa had the highest carbapenem resistance in the intensive care unit. A high multidrug resistance was observed for A. baumannii and E. coli strains. A high susceptibility to caspofungin and voriconazole was observed for Candida albicans collected from blood.

Fosfomycin is currently a viable option against urinary tract infections, particularly against extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing E. coli, due to its unique mechanism of action and its low resistance among bacteria. The objective of this study was to investigate two of the three most common mechanisms of resistance against this antibiotic among 350 ESBL-producing E. coli strains isolated from the urine of Mexican patients. The prevalence of fosfomycin resistance in our study was 10.9% (38/350). Of all resistant isolates analyzed, 23 (60.5%) were identified as fos-producing organisms, with 14 strains carrying fosA3 and 9, fosA1. Additionally, 11 (28.9%) fosfomycin-resistant isolates presented resistance due to impaired antibiotic transport and 8 (21.0%) both mechanisms. No resistance mechanism investigated in the study was found on 12 strains. All 38 confirmed ESBL-producing isolates carried a bla_CTX-M subtype, 36 (94.5%) belonged to the O25b-ST131 clone, and all of them were able to transfer the fosfomycin resistance trait to recipient strains horizontally. This is the first study in Mexico demonstrating a plasmid-mediated fosfomycin resistance mechanism among clinical E. coli strains. Since our results suggest a strong association among fos and bla_CTX-M genes and ST131 clones in uropathogenic E. coli, plasmid-mediated fosfomycin resistance should be closely monitored.

Hydrothermal annealing can modify starch digestibility and techno-functional properties. This study evaluated annealing time (24–72 h; 67 °C, 70% moisture) in yellow sweet potato flour and starch subsequently recovered from the treated flours. In flour, rapidly digestible starch (RDS) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 41.5% in untreated flour to 37.5% after 72 h, with no significant differences among treated flours. Resistant starch (RS) increased significantly at each time, from 5.7% to 14.3% at 72 h. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity decreased significantly after 24 h and partially recovered thereafter, remaining below untreated flour values. In recovered starch, RDS decreased significantly from 77.3% to 70.6%; the 48- and 72-h samples were significantly lower than the 24-h sample but did not differ from each other. RS increased from 17.3% to 25.5% and 25.8% at 48 and 72 h, respectively, without significant differences between these times. Descriptive analysis of single-run Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) profiles indicated less pronounced peaks during heating and greater viscosity development during cooling in both ingredients. Recovered-starch gel hardness decreased from 1.98 N to 0.83 N at 48 h. These findings characterize time-dependent changes in digestibility in both ingredients, gel texture in recovered starch, and phenolic content and antioxidant activity in flour, alongside observed changes in pasting behavior.

La preeclampsia (PE) es una enfermedad multisistémica y multifactorial, es una de las complicaciones médicas más comunes y peligrosas en el embarazo. En México la muerte por preeclampsia se ha incrementado de 22 % a 33 %, por lo que aún es considerada la primera causa de muerte materna. Identificar los parámetros sociodemográficos, bioquímicos y antropométricos que influyen en el embarazo y la aparición de preeclampsia en mujeres embarazadas que acuden al Hospital General Dr. Raymundo Abarca Alarcón (HGRAA) en Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, México. Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo en mujeres embarazadas, monitoreadas durante el periodo julio 2016 – junio 2017. Se incluyeron pacientes embarazadas con más de 20 semanas de gestación aparentemente sanas. Se obtuvieron medidas antropométricas, medición de la tensión arterial, respuestas a las encuestas aplicadas a las pacientes y recolección de muestras para la determinación de parámetros bioquímicos y celulares.Se encontraron niveles de colesterol que van desde 99 a 443 mg/dL y triglicéridos que oscilan desde 80 a 532 mg/dL, 3.58 % presentaron glucosa basal anormalmente alta, así como también un 28.92 % de las pacientes presentaron curvas anormales con la glucosa postprandial y 38.33 % de las pacientes presentaron un hematocrito bajo. Se detectó 1.14 % de pacientes que cumplen con los criterios diagnósticos de preeclampsia, 0.57 % como candidato a adquirir la enfermedad y 98.29 % como pacientes normales.

Introducción: La insuficiencia renal (IR) ha emergido como un significativo problema de salud pública en México. El Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) la ha clasificado como la décima causa de mortalidad en el país en la población femenina. Por ende, la detección temprana se ha vuelto esencial, especialmente en el caso de la enfermedad renal oculta (ERO), que afecta de manera notable a la población diabética. Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo que inciden en la presencia de ERO en pacientes con diabetes tipo II (DM2). Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal, analítico y descriptivo en un muestreo de 352 pacientes, de los cuales 149 procedían de la ciudad de Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, y 206 del municipio de Olinalá, en la Región Montaña del Estado de Guerrero. Los pacientes que aceptaron participar lo ratificaron a través de la firma de la carta de consentimiento informado. En este estudio, se realizaron mediciones antropométricas, se midió la presión arterial y se recopilaron parámetros bioquímicos. Los resultados se registraron en una hoja de cálculo de Excel 2021 y para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el software STATA, versión 16. Resultados: De la población estudiada, el 3.5 % (12 pacientes) presentó ERO, de los cuales el 50 % eran diabéticos. Entre los factores de riesgo identificados en la población con diabetes se incluyeron la edad mayor de 60 años (11.29 %), niveles elevados de albumina (16 %), urea (42.8 %) y ácido úrico (30.76 %). Conclusión: La enfermedad renal oculta afecta tanto a comunidades rurales como urbanas. Encontrándose un total de 12 pacientes con presencia de ERO, de los cuales el 25 % proceden de la ciudad de Chilpancingo, y 75 % del poblado de Olinalá (rural), lo que subraya la importancia de su detección temprana y un monitoreo oportuno. Esto es particularmente relevante en la población rural con diabetes mellitus.