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Dr. Jonathan Sze Choong Low
Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), Singapore 138634, Singapore

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0 Life Cycle Assessment
0 circular economy
0 Life Cycle Engineering
0 sustainable manufacturing
0 Life cycle costing

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Journal article
Published: 03 July 2021 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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Developing countries like India and Indonesia struggle with proper management of plastic waste, causing rampant plastic pollution that adversely impacts the ecosystem and potentially human health. In this study, life cycle assessment (LCA) was adopted to compare the environmental impact of end-of-life (EOL) treatment of 1 kg plastic waste in India and Indonesia based on the EOL mix, which includes mechanical recycling, co-processing in cement kilns, incineration, sanitary landfill, open dumping and open burning. Nine environmental impacts were considered, namely climate change, cumulative energy demand, water depletion and marine eco-toxicity, human toxicity, terrestrial acidification, fossil depletion, particulate matter formation and urban land occupation. Waste plastics EOL treatment in India was found to have a lower environmental impact than Indonesia among all nine categories, which was attributed to higher mechanical recycling rates in India. Hotspot analysis revealed that open burning is a major contributor to climate change, while landfills are the major contributor to marine eco-toxicity. A sensitivity analysis found that the percentage of plastic waste collection, percentage of uncollected plastic waste openly burnt, percentage of plastic rejects from recycling and percentage replacement of virgin plastic from recycled plastic granules were key sensitive parameters. The results of a future scenario analysis showed that further investments in mechanical recycling by 2030 can not only reduce mismanaged plastic waste, but also contribute towards the Paris Agreement carbon reduction pledges for both India and Indonesia. The results from this study can be used to support future waste management investment decisions in both countries.

ACS Style

Edward Ren Kai Neo; Gibson Chin Yuan Soo; Daren Zong Loong Tan; Karina Cady; Kai Ting Tong; Jonathan Sze Choong Low. Life cycle assessment of plastic waste end-of-life for India and Indonesia. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2021, 174, 105774 .

AMA Style

Edward Ren Kai Neo, Gibson Chin Yuan Soo, Daren Zong Loong Tan, Karina Cady, Kai Ting Tong, Jonathan Sze Choong Low. Life cycle assessment of plastic waste end-of-life for India and Indonesia. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2021; 174 ():105774.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edward Ren Kai Neo; Gibson Chin Yuan Soo; Daren Zong Loong Tan; Karina Cady; Kai Ting Tong; Jonathan Sze Choong Low. 2021. "Life cycle assessment of plastic waste end-of-life for India and Indonesia." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 174, no. : 105774.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2021 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented amount of face mask consumption around the world. The increase in face mask consumption has brought focus to their environmental impact. To keep up with the increased demand for face masks, different variations of reusable face masks such as the embedded filtration layer (EFL) reusable face mask have emerged in the market. This study quantifies the environmental impact of the EFL reusable face mask and the single-use surgical face mask. The life cycle assessment (LCA) study of the entire value chain from cradle-to-grave is applied to each face mask. Both face masks are evaluated over 1 functional unit (FU) of 31 12-h days for a single person. The ReCiPe method with the Hierachist perspective was applied. A total of nine impact categories as well as the generated waste of each face mask are evaluated. The results show that for 1 functional unit, the use of single-use surgical face mask and EFL reusable face mask will contribute 0.580 kg CO2-eq and 0.338 kg CO2-eq to climate change and generate 0.004 kg and 0.0004 kg of waste respectively. Comparing both face masks, the EFL reusable face mask will have a lower emission of at least 30% in terms of the generated waste and the impact categories considered, except for water depletion, freshwater eutrophication, marine eutrophication, and human toxicity.

ACS Style

Amos Wei Lun Lee; Edward Ren Kai Neo; Zi-Yu Khoo; Zhiquan Yeo; Yee Shee Tan; Shuyun Chng; Wenjin Yan; Boon Keng Lok; Jonathan Sze Choong Low. Life cycle assessment of single-use surgical and embedded filtration layer (EFL) reusable face mask. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2021, 170, 105580 -105580.

AMA Style

Amos Wei Lun Lee, Edward Ren Kai Neo, Zi-Yu Khoo, Zhiquan Yeo, Yee Shee Tan, Shuyun Chng, Wenjin Yan, Boon Keng Lok, Jonathan Sze Choong Low. Life cycle assessment of single-use surgical and embedded filtration layer (EFL) reusable face mask. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2021; 170 ():105580-105580.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amos Wei Lun Lee; Edward Ren Kai Neo; Zi-Yu Khoo; Zhiquan Yeo; Yee Shee Tan; Shuyun Chng; Wenjin Yan; Boon Keng Lok; Jonathan Sze Choong Low. 2021. "Life cycle assessment of single-use surgical and embedded filtration layer (EFL) reusable face mask." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 170, no. : 105580-105580.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2020 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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ACS Style

Piya Kerdlap; Jonathan Sze Choong Low; Daren Zong Loong Tan; Zhiquan Yeo; Seeram Ramakrishna. M3-IS-LCA: A Methodology for Multi-level Life Cycle Environmental Performance Evaluation of Industrial Symbiosis Networks. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2020, 161, 1 .

AMA Style

Piya Kerdlap, Jonathan Sze Choong Low, Daren Zong Loong Tan, Zhiquan Yeo, Seeram Ramakrishna. M3-IS-LCA: A Methodology for Multi-level Life Cycle Environmental Performance Evaluation of Industrial Symbiosis Networks. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2020; 161 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Piya Kerdlap; Jonathan Sze Choong Low; Daren Zong Loong Tan; Zhiquan Yeo; Seeram Ramakrishna. 2020. "M3-IS-LCA: A Methodology for Multi-level Life Cycle Environmental Performance Evaluation of Industrial Symbiosis Networks." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 161, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2019 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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ACS Style

Cadence Hsien; Jonathan Sze Choong Low; Shannon Chan Fuchen; Tan Wee Han. Life cycle assessment of water supply in Singapore — A water-scarce urban city with multiple water sources. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2019, 151, 1 .

AMA Style

Cadence Hsien, Jonathan Sze Choong Low, Shannon Chan Fuchen, Tan Wee Han. Life cycle assessment of water supply in Singapore — A water-scarce urban city with multiple water sources. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2019; 151 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cadence Hsien; Jonathan Sze Choong Low; Shannon Chan Fuchen; Tan Wee Han. 2019. "Life cycle assessment of water supply in Singapore — A water-scarce urban city with multiple water sources." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 151, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 07 September 2019 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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The recycling and recovery of water and resources from wastewater is necessary to maintain sustainable use of our limited global freshwater resources. To do so, we need to be able to distinguish and reference different water and wastewater types. In this paper, we present a method to classify and assign unique numerical identification codes to different water and wastewater types based on their water quality. A limited set of water quality parameters were identified based on national and international standards. Using the parameters identified, we devised a classification method to translate the water quality into unique identification codes based on several water quality ranges. Lastly, the water quality ranges for each parameter was determined based on country regulations and water treatment processes. The result is a ten-digit identification code system that is able to classify different water and wastewater based on their quality. The unique identification code assigned to different water types enables easy identification of water and wastewater resources. This acts as a common basis to reference water and wastewater resources and reduces ambiguity in the communication of water types. We showcased the utility of the classification through a waste-to-resource matching database which recommends possible pathways for waste-to-resource conversions.

ACS Style

Cadence Hsien; Jonathan Sze Choong Low; Si Ying Chung; Daren Zong Loong Tan. Quality-based water and wastewater classification for waste-to-resource matching. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2019, 151, 104477 .

AMA Style

Cadence Hsien, Jonathan Sze Choong Low, Si Ying Chung, Daren Zong Loong Tan. Quality-based water and wastewater classification for waste-to-resource matching. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2019; 151 ():104477.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cadence Hsien; Jonathan Sze Choong Low; Si Ying Chung; Daren Zong Loong Tan. 2019. "Quality-based water and wastewater classification for waste-to-resource matching." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 151, no. : 104477.

Article
Published: 26 February 2018 in Business Strategy and the Environment
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Although numerous studies have highlighted the contributions of remanufacturing to sustainable development and the circular economy, the decision for a company to take up this strategy is riddled with uncertainties, especially when significant capital investment is involved. To improve the economic performance of a remanufacturing system in the face of uncertainties, we propose a methodological framework for flexible design of remanufacturing systems. Its application is demonstrated using a case study based on remanufacturing laptop computers for the Cambodian market. Through the case study, we show how one can explore the opportunity of setting up a remanufacturing system, study its economic feasibility and design flexible strategies to improve its economic performance in the face of uncertainties. More interestingly, we demonstrate how Monte Carlo simulation can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of different flexible design strategies in dealing with the uncertainties. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment

ACS Style

Jonathan Sze Choong Low; Yen Ting Ng. Improving the Economic Performance of Remanufacturing Systems through Flexible Design Strategies: A Case Study Based on Remanufacturing Laptop Computers for the Cambodian Market. Business Strategy and the Environment 2018, 27, 503 -527.

AMA Style

Jonathan Sze Choong Low, Yen Ting Ng. Improving the Economic Performance of Remanufacturing Systems through Flexible Design Strategies: A Case Study Based on Remanufacturing Laptop Computers for the Cambodian Market. Business Strategy and the Environment. 2018; 27 (4):503-527.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jonathan Sze Choong Low; Yen Ting Ng. 2018. "Improving the Economic Performance of Remanufacturing Systems through Flexible Design Strategies: A Case Study Based on Remanufacturing Laptop Computers for the Cambodian Market." Business Strategy and the Environment 27, no. 4: 503-527.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2016 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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In a previous work, the Product Structure-based Integrated Life cycle Analysis (PSILA) technique was developed to conduct cost modelling and analysis of closed-loop production systems. In this paper, we expand the utility of this technique into carbon footprint modelling and analysis of closed-loop production systems – enabling companies to make informed decisions on whether to adopt closed-loop production based not only on economic but also environmental performance. A description of the PSILA technique applied for carbon footprint modelling and analysis is explained, followed by a case study of closed-loop production of a flat-panel display (FPD) monitor to validate the technique. We verified the CFP result simulated by the model built through the PSILA technique, or PSILA-CFP model in short, against the result generated by a model built through the conventional Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. A benchmarking analysis was then conducted to compare the closed-loop production system against the linear production system. Through this analysis, we demonstrated how the CFP result can be broken down based on the product structure, thus enabling us to granularise the result and trace the impact of implementing a closed-loop production system to the individual modules, components and materials that are recovered, reutilised or treated in the system. The results were able to show that the implementation of the closed-loop production system for the FPD monitor can potentially result in an overall CFP reduction of 39.91 million kg CO2e, of which 90.03% is contributed by the closed-loop recycling of ABS. The other significant contributors of CFP reduction are from the closed-loop material recycling of the aluminium, which accounts for 8.13 million kg CO2e or 20.37% of the total CFP reduction. A sensitivity analysis was also carried out to investigate the effects of data uncertainties, which may invalidate assumptions made in the case study. In summary, we have successfully adapted the PSILA technique so as to provide decision support in the form of analytical insights on how a closed-loop production system will perform in terms of carbon footprint, why it performs this way and what to look out for if the decision is made to implement such a system.

ACS Style

Jonathan Sze Choong Low; Tobias Bestari Tjandra; Wen Feng Lu; Hui Mien Lee. Adaptation of the Product Structure-based Integrated Life cycle Analysis (PSILA) technique for carbon footprint modelling and analysis of closed-loop production systems. Journal of Cleaner Production 2016, 120, 105 -123.

AMA Style

Jonathan Sze Choong Low, Tobias Bestari Tjandra, Wen Feng Lu, Hui Mien Lee. Adaptation of the Product Structure-based Integrated Life cycle Analysis (PSILA) technique for carbon footprint modelling and analysis of closed-loop production systems. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2016; 120 ():105-123.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jonathan Sze Choong Low; Tobias Bestari Tjandra; Wen Feng Lu; Hui Mien Lee. 2016. "Adaptation of the Product Structure-based Integrated Life cycle Analysis (PSILA) technique for carbon footprint modelling and analysis of closed-loop production systems." Journal of Cleaner Production 120, no. : 105-123.