The aim of our study was to determine the type and frequency of chromosomal aberrations and polymorphisms in men with different degrees of spermatogenic failure in comparison to men with normozoospermia, in order to find correlations between cytogenetic findings and the abnormal results of semen analysis. In our study, we performed cytogenetic analysis in 901 infertile men, divided into five groups according to semen analysis—normozoospermia (86), asthenozoospermia (394), oligoasthenozoospermia (182), severe male factor (100), and azoospermia (139). The frequency of polymorphisms was similar in all groups (11–16%, without significant differences). The frequency of numerical and structural aberrations increases with the degree of the spermatogenic failure (3.5% in normozoospermia, 5.6% in asthenozoospermia, 9.8% in oligoasthenozoospermia, 9% in severe male factor, and 13.5% in azoospermia). We found a significantly higher incidence of numerical chromosomal aberrations in severe male factor (7%) and azoospermia (9.3%). Oligoasthenozoospermia occured in 45% of cases with translocation, compared to 20% in the group with a normal karyotype. We revealed that chromosomal translocations are tightly associated with oligoasthenozoospermia, whereas numerical chromosomal aberrations—with severe male factor and azoospermia. The impact of chromosome polymorphisms on male infertility should be studied in greater detail.

Parvovirus B19 and cytomegalovirus are significant causes of congenital infections that can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. The present study aimed to investigate the infection of B19V and CMV in pregnant women with fetal anemia, effusions and intrauterine growth restriction and determine the utility of routine laboratory screening in pregnancy follow-up. Thirteen women with such pathological pregnancy complications attending an antenatal clinic from April 2024 to March 2025 were tested. Three types of clinical material were examined: maternal blood, amniotic fluid and umbilical cord serum. Participants underwent molecular and serological testing for both B19V and CMV. Demographic data, obstetric histories, and pregnancy outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Our results indicate that three participants showed evidence of either current infection with CMV and seven with B19V. Pregnant women with active infections required further follow-up and fetal surveillance. A stillbirth was reported in one woman with CMV infection. For seven samples that tested positive for B19V DNA, viral sequences were obtained and clustered with genotype 1a reference strains. The findings of this study highlight the significant contribution of B19V and CMV infections during pregnancy, particularly in cases complicated by fetal anemia, effusions, and intrauterine growth restriction.

Parvovirus B19 and cytomegalovirus are significant causes of congenital infections that can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of B19V and CMV infections in pregnant women with fetal anemia and/or effusions and determine the utility of routine laboratory screening in pregnancy follow-up. Thirteen women with such pathological pregnancy complications attending an antenatal clinic from April 2024 to March 2025 were tested. Four types of clinical material were examined: amniotic fluid, umbilical cord serum, maternal blood, and fetal blood. Participants underwent molecular and serological testing for both B19V and CMV. Demographic data, obstetric histories, and pregnancy outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Our results indicate that four participants showed evidence of either current infection with CMV and seven with B19V. Pregnant women with active infections required further follow-up and fetal surveillance. A stillbirth was reported in one woman with CMV infection. For seven samples that tested positive for B19V DNA, viral sequences were obtained and clustered with genotype 1a reference strains. Implementing routine or targeted screening for B19V and CMV could facilitate the early identification and appropriate management of maternal infections, ultimately reducing the risk of fetal complications.