Natural polymer (cellulose)-based fabric was colored using an environmentally friendly natural dye extracted from Jalawe (Terminalia bellirica) in the preparation of Batik fabric, a cultural heritage of Indonesia that is recognized by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Despite the significant favorable properties in terms of functions, environmental, and cultural aspects, the combination between natural polymer-based fabric and natural dyes makes the Batik fabric an ideal medium for bacterial growth, leading to lower product quality. In the quest for a sustainable, environmentally friendly, rich-in-culture, yet durable textile, this study aimed at the functionalization of natural dye (ND)-colored Batik fabric with antibacterial ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized from Electric Arc Furnace Dust (EAFD) waste. An in situ immobilization process with a Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) method was explored at a pH range from 6 to 11 at 50 °C. Characterization methods include XRD, XRF, FESEM, EDX, FT-IR, tensile strength measurement, agar diffusion testing, and a CIE L*a*b* scale measurement. The XRD and XRF results showed that pure (>98%) ZnO NPs were formed at pH 11 of the CBD process. FESEM results demonstrated that the pure ZnO NPs either precipitated at the CBD reactor or were immobilized on the cellulose fabric, exhibiting distinct morphology compared to the non-pure ZnO NPs. EDX elemental analysis before and after washing demonstrated the durability of the ZnO NPs attachment, in which 84% of the ZnO NPs remained on the fabric after two washing cycles (equal to 10 cycles of home laundering). The FT-IR spectra provided information on the chemical functional groups, demonstrating the success of the ZnO NPs immobilization on the cellulose fabric through Van der Waals or coordination bonding. Moreover, the in situ immobilization of ZnO NPs enhanced the Batik fabric’s tensile strength but reduced its elongation. ZnO NP-functionalized Batik fabric that was treated at pH 10 and pH 11 showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The CIE L*a*b* scale results showed that the immobilization process affects the color quality of the ND-colored Batik fabric. However, based on organoleptic observations, the color of the Batik fabric that was treated at pH 11 is still acceptable for Jalawe ND-colored Batik fabric.

Batik is a traditional Indonesian cloth that has been recognized by UNESCO as the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on October 2, 2009. Nowadays batik with natural dyes is preferred because it is unique, natural and environmentally friendly. The disadvantage of natural dyed batik, especially those using cotton cloth, is easily overgrown with bacteria. This paper presents the results of research on the application of ZnO nanoparticles on cotton fabrics that produce batik with antibacterial activity. The application of ZnO nanoparticles was carried out with variations on concentration (1% and 2%), temperature (25°C and 80°C), and application stages, i.e before and after the batik process. Colouring process was conducted by natural dyes of Tingi (Ceriops tagal). To see the effect of ZnO application, the antibacterial activity, the colour fastness to washing, the colour strength (K/S) of natural dyed batik have been examined. The results showed that the ZnO application before and after the batik process can provide antibacterial activity and enhance colour strength on natural dyed batik. To maintain the colour fastness to washing, the ZnO application can be carried out before the batik process at temperature 80°C or after the batik process at 25°C.

The government of Indonesia has launched a program of ‘Making Indonesia 4.0’ since April 4^th 2018. The program is an integrated roadmap to implement a number of strategic action to enter the 4.0 Industrial era. One of the strategic initiatives is the development of functional clothing by producing a cloth that has multifunctional properties, such as antibacterial clothing. Batik, a traditional cloth is originally from Indonesia. It is fabricated by applying hot wax onto a fabric to create a pattern before colouring process which is then removed in the final stage. Since people use batik in daily life for clothing and household appliances, it is worth to produce antibacterial batik. This research aimed to make antibacterial batik by applying zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles to the material of batik i.e. cotton. Colouring process was conducted by synthetic dyes of indigosol. To see the effect of ZnO application, the antibacterial activity, the colour fastness to washing, the colour strength (K/S) and surface morphology of batik have been examined. The results showed that the batik exhibited antibacterial activity due to the incorporation of ZnO onto the fabric. The colour strength was also enhanced. To maintain the colour fastness to washing, the ZnO should be applied to the fabric before the batik process.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi, Waktu Perendaman dan Jenis Kayu pada Pengawetan Alami Kayu Menggunakan Ekstrak Daun Sambiloto

Natural dye-colored batik fabric has attracted extensive attention due to their unique color and environmentally friendly. However, natural dyed batik fabric ha Natural dye-colored batik fabric has attracted extensive attention due to their unique color and environmentally friendly. However, natural dyed batik fabric ha

Indonesia is one of wood craft producer. Indonesian crafts have been exported to many countries, such as Japan, Europe and America. Commonly, that crafts used chemical preservatives that identified not safe for environment. A lot of countries had banned the use of toxic preservatives such as arsenic and chromium-based preservatives. Therefore, it is important to use natural preservatives that are safer for human being and the environment. This research aimed to know the ability of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) leaf extract to use as wood preservatives and to determine the preservative treatability of two woods, Mahoni (Swietenia mahogany) and Matoa (Pometia pinnata) woods as material for making interior products such as wooden batik crafts. Matoa and Mahoni wood were preserved by hot bath at temperature of ± 80oC using Sambiloto leaf extract with variation of concentration of 10%, 12.5% and 16.67% for immersion time of 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours. The retention value of each variation was calculated and compared with the preservative value for the interior product of SNI 03.5010-1.1999 (≥ 8 kg/m3). The results show that preservation of Matoa wood for indoor uses can be done using Sambiloto leaf extract with concentration of 12.5% and processing time of 2 hours. However, the retention values for Mahoni woods were lower than SNI for all treatment because of its extractive content that make it hard to be preserved. Keywords: batik, wooden crafts, natural preservation, sambiloto