This study presents a unique frequency-reconfigurable antenna that may be the first to use a dip switch and a bias circuit integrated on the same substrate as the antenna. Such an antenna may be used for many wireless applications, since it is small and versatile enough to operate in several frequency bands with different modes. Printed on a Rogers RT5880 substrate, the suggested structure has a relative permittivity of 2.2, a tangent loss of 0.0009, and a size of 28 × 26.35 × 1.6 mm³. Three-PIN diode switches are inserted between radiating patches. The proposed antenna operates in four modes, covering nine different bands by using three dual bands (i.e., 4.36 and 7.78 GHz, 3.56 and 6.89 GHz, 3 and 6.2 GHz) in MODE 1, MODE 2, and MODE three, respectively, and triple band in MODE 4 (i.e., 2.88, 5.87, and 8.17 GHz). The efficiency of the planned antenna is 97.66%, and the gain varies from 1.38 to 4.89 dBi. The obtained bandwidths at corresponding frequencies range from 5.5 to 31.17%. The suggested structure is modeled in the CSTMWS and the simulated findings are experimentally confirmed. The suggested antenna may be employed in current portable (5G) devices and the IoT.

JCM is an open access journal on the science and engineering of communication.

An octa-band frequency-reconfigurable antenna (28×14×1.5 mm3) with a broad tuning range is shown. Antenna mode1 (4.31 GHz) works in one single-band mode and two dual-band in modes 2 and 3 (i.e., 3.91 and 5.9 GHz) as well as one tri-band in mode 4 (i.e., 3.09, 5.65, and 7.92 GHz) based on the switching situation of the antenna. Changing capacitance for frequency reconfigurability is accomplished with the use of lumped components. The antenna’s observed tuning spans from 3.09 GHz to 7.92 GHz. for all the resonant bands, the suggested antenna has a voltage standing waves ratio (VSWR)<1.45 except for one band with a VSWR<1.85. From 70.57% to 97.93%, the suggested structure’s radiation efficiency may be calculated. For a better understanding proposed antenna’s far field and scattering characteristics, we used CST Microwave Studio 2021. We may conclude that our suggested antenna is suitable for today’s wireless applications, which need multiband and multimode small antennas. Using a small stainless-steel wire as a switch, a prototype of the antenna design is built and tested to verify the simulation findings. The suggested reconfigurable antenna’s strong concordance between simulated and measured findings.

Low-profile frequency-reconfigurable antenna for 5G applications

This study investigates using a complementary six double hexagonal split ring resonator with a central rectangle-based metamaterial to develop a frequency-reconfigurable antenna. The antenna is used for wireless communication and is printed on an FR-4 dielectric with dimensions of (30 × 30 × 1.6) mm³, ε _r = 4.3, and a tangent loss (tan ( σ )) of 0.025. the antenna is initially designed to operate at three frequencies (2.4, 3.6, and 3.7 GHz). Another frequency was added to the set after adding metamaterial to the substrate. The antenna size has been reduced by 16.67% to get the new dimensions of (25 × 25 × 1.6) mm³. The proposed antenna maintains a voltage standing waves ratio below 1.331 in all resonant frequencies, demonstrating its reliability and efficiency. Additionally, the proposed antenna exhibits a radiation efficiency ranging from 70 to 78.37%. The antenna operates in two modes: Mode 1 at 3.6 and 3.7 GHz, and Mode 2, a double-band mode, at 2.4 and 4.9 GHz. The proposed antenna offers many benefits, including its simple construction, minimal return loss, and frequency switching with the help of a positive intrinsic negative diode (SMP1340-079LF). The Results demonstrate that metamaterials reduce antenna size and increase operating frequencies.