Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is one of the most common birth defects. Multiple factors are believed to be responsible for an unfavorable dental arch relationship in CLP. Facial growth (maxillary) retardation, which results in class III malocclusion, is the primary challenge that CLP patients face. Phenotype factors and postnatal treatment factors influence treatment outcomes in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) children, which has led to a great diversity in protocols and surgical techniques by various cleft groups worldwide. The aim of this study was to illustrate the dental arch relationship (DAR) and palatal morphology (PM) of UCLP in Bangladeshi children and to explore the various factors that are responsible for poor DAR and PM. Dental models of 84 subjects were taken before orthodontic treatment and alveolar bone grafting. The mean age was 7.69 (SD 2.46) years. The DAR and PM were assessed blindly by five raters using the EUROCRAN index (EI). Kappa statistics was used to evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner agreement, chi square was used to assess the associations, and logistic regression analysis was used to explore the responsible factors that affect DAR and PM. The mean EUROCRAN scores were 2.44 and 1.93 for DAR and PM, respectively. Intra- and inter-examiner agreement was moderate to very good. Using crude and stepwise backward regression analyses, significant associations were found between the modified Millard technique (P = 0.047, P = 0.034 respectively) of cheiloplasty and unfavorable DAR. Complete UCLP (P = 0.017) was also significantly correlated with unfavorable DAR. The PM showed a significant association with the type of cleft, type of cheiloplasty and type of palatoplasty. This multivariate study determined that the complete type of UCLP and the modified Millard technique of cheiloplasty had significantly unfavorable effects on both the DAR and PM.

Objectives: This study utilised a cross-sectional survey design to assess the levels of knowledge and awareness among 841 undergraduate dental students from Saudi Arabia regarding sustainable development goals (SDGs) and sustainable dental practices (SDP). Materials and methods: A self-administered online questionnaire was distributed to adults aged between 18 and 35 years of both genders, from November 2022 to November 2023. The study has obtained appropriate ethical approval. Results: Participants exhibited a moderate level of knowledge and awareness regarding the SDGs, while demonstrating a high level of awareness specifically related to the SDP. The presence of a correlation between gender-associated beliefs and pro-environmental behaviours is apparent. Additionally, it has been observed that participants who engage in clinical activities exhibit a heightened level of awareness concerning SDP. Conclusions: By assessing dental students’ current knowledge and awareness of the SDGs and SDP, we can inform stakeholders in the dental industry about how to enhance sustainability competence and develop dental policy curricula. This will better prepare students to serve as educators as well as professionals, aligning with their commitment to integrating the principles and objectives of various SDGs and SDP into dental education and practice.

The field of dentistry is characterised by its substantial energy consumption and resource utilisation, resulting in a notable ecological footprint. Thus, sustainability in dentistry is an important but underresearched concern. The influence of public pressure on sustainability has been extensively studied across other industries; nevertheless, there is a dearth of research examining its impact on the dental sector specifically in Saudi Arabia. The current study conducted the first-ever survey in Saudi Arabia to investigate the prevailing attitudes with regard to sustainable dentistry amongst the general population of the country. This was an online cross-sectional observational survey conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered online questionnaire was distributed to adults aged 18 years and older, of both genders, from March to April 2023. The study obtained appropriate ethical approval. Participants expressed a positive attitude with regard to sustainable dentistry and demonstrated their openness regarding compromising in terms of time, convenience, cost, and even the appearance of their teeth in order to minimise the environmental impact resulting from dental procedures. It is also evident that a correlation exists between gender-associated beliefs and proenvironmental behaviour, particularly in the context of sustainable dentistry and related environmental intentions in Saudi Arabia. The findings of this study represent an important complement to the existing sustainability knowledge and understanding in dentistry, which will be helpful for policymakers as well as dental professionals to develop or modify policy, regulation, and professional curriculum.

Objective: To obtain the standardized values of individuals of Malaysian Malay and Chinese for further relevant research, such as treatment planning and aesthetical considerations. Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, 440 (305 were Malays and 135 were Chinese) standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs of orthodontic patients selected through simple random sampling are profiled using Holdaway’s analysis. The independent t-test was used to assess the disparities in race and gender. The significant level was p<0.05. Results: Significant differences were found between the Malays and Chinese in their skeletal profile convexity, superior sulcus depth, inferior sulcus to the H line and nose prominence. Between Malay females and males, there are significant differences in superior sulcus depth, soft tissue subnasale to H line, basic upper lip thickness, upper lip thickness and nose prominence. Between Chinese males and females, there were differences in their skeletal profile convexity, upper lip to H line, basic upper lip thickness and upper lip thickness. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated the difference between standardized norms and the unique profiles of Malaysian Malays and Chinese. There are significant gender disparities in the soft tissue cephalometric measurements among Malaysian Malay and Chinese subjects.

Objective: To compare colony forming unit (CFU) of oral bacterial from buccal mucosa and lingual buccal tongue among patients with a dental implant and normal oral hygiene individuals without a dental implant. Material and Methods: Twenty-six individuals with a dental implant and twenty-six individuals without dental implants were included in this study. The samples were sent to the laboratory to culture with Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI), prepared serial dilution and then spread to the blood agar. CFU was counted when a single layer of bacteria is formed on the blood agar at any dilution level. An independent-T test was used to compare the means different of CFU oral bacterial between control and test groups from buccal mucosa and lingual buccal mucosa, respectively. Results: Buccal mucosa control group (186.19 ± 5.61) and test group (186.65 ± 6.24) (p>0.05). The result from the lingual buccal tongue control group (198.38 ± 6.12) and test group (197.96 ± 6.50) (p>0.05). There was no significant difference between the control group and test group CFU bacterial load. Conclusion: The presence of implants in the oral cavity do not interfere or worsen the oral condition; nevertheless, the effect of implants surrounding oral flora is similar to natural teeth.

To evaluate dental arch relationship (DAR) using GOSLON Yardstick and also to explore the association between multiple factors (age, gender, UCLP types, UCLP side, Family history of cleft, family history of Class III malocclusion, techniques of cheiloplasty, techniques of palatoplasty) and DAR in children unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) in different populations. Two hundred fifty-five laser scanned 3D digital models (LS3DM) of UCLP children (5–12 years) from Malaysia, Bangladesh, and Pakistan were included. The intra- and inter-examiner agreements were evaluated by kappa statistics, to compare the GOSLON mean score between the populations and to explore the responsible factors that affect DAR, one way ANOVA, and crude logistic regression analysis was used, respectively. The mean GOSLON score was 2.97; 3.40 and 3.09 in Malaysia, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, respectively. Twenty seven, 40, and 30 subjects were in unfavourable (category rating 4 and 5) groups in Malaysia, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, respectively. A significant association was found between techniques of palatoplasty (p = 0.03; p = 0.04 and p = 0.04 in Malaysia, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, respectively) and unfavourable DAR. Different cheiloplasty techniques (p = 0.04) and gender (p = 0.03) also exhibited noteworthy associations with unfavourable DAR in the Bangladeshi population. Bardach techniques of palatoplasty were significantly associated with unfavourable DAR in all three populations. Moreover, male UCLP and modified Millard techniques of cheiloplasty were also associated with unfavourable DAR in the Bangladeshi population.