Biomass rapid pyrolysis technology is easy to implement in continuous production and industrial application, and has become one of the leading technologies in the field of world renewable energy development. Agricultural and forestry waste is an important resource of renewable energy in China. In general, abandoned leaves in forest areas cause serious waste of resources. Its utilization may help to settle the problems of energy deficiency and environment pollution. In this study, Aesculus chinensis Bunge leaves (A. Bunge) are used as the research object to study the pyrolysis and extract. The results showed that there are a lot of bioactive components in A. Bunge leaves extract, including acetamide, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, R-limonene, d-mannose, and dihydroxyacetone. The active components of A. Bunge leaves supply scientific evidence for the exploration and exploitation of this plant. The pyrolysis products of A. Bunge leaves are rich in organic acids, aldehydes, and ketones, which means that A. Bunge leaves can be used as a crude material for the manufacturing of bio-oil or bio-fuel. The pyrolysis products include batilol, pregnenolone, benzoic acid, butyrolactone, and propanoic acid, which can be used in biological medicine, chemical crude materials, and industrial raw material reagents. Therefore, A. Bunge leaves can be used as a good crude material for bio-oil or biofuel production. Combining A. Bunge leaves and fast pyrolysis methods can effectively solve the problem of forestry and agricultural residues in the future.

Energy is indispensable in human life and social development, but this has led to an overconsumption of non-renewable energy. Sustainable energy is needed to maintain the global energy balance. Lignocellulose from agriculture or forestry is often discarded or directly incinerated. It is abundantly available to be discovered and studied as a biomass energy source. Therefore, this research uses Staphylea holocarpa wood as feedstock to evaluate its potential as energy source. We characterized Staphylea holocarpa wood by utilizing FT–IR, GC–MS, TGA, Py/GC–MS and NMR. The results showed that Staphylea holocarpa wood contained a large amount of oxygenated volatiles, indicating that it has the ability to act as biomass energy sources which can achieve green chemistry and sustainable development.