This article consists of studying the reliability of the Moroccan electricity grid as well as verifying the plan of production for 2030. To propose an adequate production plan for 2050, a production plan where renewable energies take a large place in the production park. Our objective is the planning and optimization of the Moroccan energy system with a strong integration of renewable energy sources or even 100% integration by guaranteeing the reliability of the electrical system. In this study, we evaluated the reliability of the Moroccan electricity grid in the presence of renewable electricity production based on the energy plan simulator supplemented by Monte Carlo simulations based on probabilistic approaches. The first part of this work consists of projecting demand for 2030-2050 and studying the impact of energy efficiency on forecasts. In the second part, we integrated the existing means of production and the projected demand on energy plan. In the third part we studied the reliability of the Moroccan electricity grid in the presence of the production of wind, solar photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar (CSP) electricity according to different stages of study (from 2017 to 2050).

Noise pollution is an environmental menace in agricultural, industrial, commercial, and residential facilities of all countries around the globe particularly developing countries. This paper examines noise reduction of an acoustic band gap structure made from expansion chambers. The interface response predictions of the transmission loss are presented and compared with the experiment, and the boundary element method (BEM) data obtained from the literature showing good agreement at low frequencies. A wider band gap with and stronger muffling effects at a lower frequencies is shown, which depends on the geometry of the expansion chamber and the periodicity. Furthermore, the periodicity is broken by the introduction of defects to analyse the narrow frequency transmission bands within the band gaps. In this work, the defect is artificially produced and controlled by the length and/or the cross-section of the central waveguide segment. The influence of dimension parameters on the wave suppression band gaps is analyzed. We show that the defect mode transmission moves within band gaps. It location can be controlled by the dimension of the defective expansion chamber. The closest to the middle of the band gap, the narrowest becomes. The results presented in this work can help to guide the achievement of broader acoustic band gaps in waveguide systems.

Noise pollution is a challenging issue requiring the development of acoustic systems that can reduce noise. Besides the environmental impacts of noise pollution, it can cause serious health problems. This work originally discusses noise reduction using a new configuration of side branches grafted in series with different terminations. The combination of two serial resonators shows acoustic coupling effects. This effect is used to increase localized modes of two serial defective resonators located in the middle of the structure. The transmission of acoustic waves can be controlled by the dimensions of the introduced defects as well as their boundary conditions. We also show that defects can totally filter the transmission of the pass-bands. The proposed structure can then play the role of an acoustical filter.