Supercapacitors are widely used nowadays. They are known as ultracapacitors or electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLC), which are energy storage devices providing high energy and efficiency. Their good characteristics make them suitable for usage in energy storage systems and the possibility to be charged/discharged rapidly without loss of efficiency for a lot of cycles. The supercapacitor pack can be successfully used in HESS (battery-supercapacitor system) combining different energy storage technologies with special control strategy using all the advantages of each energy source for improving and reaching overall performance. This paper summarizes the performance of supercapacitors in terms of energy density, equivalent series resistance and their optimal usage in the automotive sector. The paper also presents a brief review of benefits, features, advantages and disadvantages of hybrid energy systems based on batteries and supercapacitors.

Electric vehicles (EVs) require fast-charging station networks to allow owners to rapidly charge the battery on long-distance drives. Fast-charging electric vehicles requires a sufficiently powerful connection to the electric power grid. Modeling and control of the process for charging the electric vehicles (EVs) are reviewed. The modeling approach and the models describing the system components are detailed. A model of a charging system for EVs and plug-in electric vehicles (PHEVs) is developed.

In recent years, micro turbine technology has become a continuously reliable and viable distributed generation system. The application of distributed energy power generation sources, such as micro gas turbines (MGT), to charge electric vehicles offers numerous technical, economical benefits, and opportunities. MGT are considered as they are smaller than conventional heavy-duty gas turbines. They also are capable of accepting and operating with different fossil fuels in the range of low–high pressure levels as well as co-generation opportunities. The MGT could provide the fast and reliable output power guaranteed and needed for grid stability. This paper provides a mathematical representation, modelling, and simulation of a low-cost fast charging station based on a micro gas turbine and a super capacitor forming altogether a power generation system suitable for use especially as energy source in fast charging stations and dynamic power systems. All the micro gas turbine’s parameters are estimated according to available performance and operational data. The proposed system generates up to 30 kW output power assuming that it operates with natural gas. The developed model of the system is simulated in the environment of MATLAB/Simulink. Each part of the micro turbine generation system is represented by a mathematical model. On the basis of the developed model of the system, the minimum value of the supercapacitor was determined, which ensures the charging schedule of a selected electric vehicle.

The objective of the paper is to design a microcontroller system for motor speed control. The system is based on a microcontroller, an optocoupler, and an AC power control system using a triac (Triode for Alternating Current). It uses the phase angle control method and a zero-cross detector. The paper also presents a schematic design for serial communication (RS-485) using a Modbus communication protocol. This protocol structures the exchanged data and is preferred in industrial communication. The AC voltage control system described in this paper can study how the controlled voltage reacts to load changes. The system uses the PIC16 microcontroller to detect zero-crossing of the sine-wave. The microcontroller also delays the trigger pulse for the triac, providing the required voltage to the fan or motor. In various branches of industry, both synchronous and asynchronous electric motors are used, and their rotation speed must be regulated. The development of digital technology has led to more efficient and reliable automatic control of electric drives. For this reason, digital control circuits are used in an increasing number of electric drives.