Due to their capacity to create better thermal conductivity than standard nanofluids, hybrid nano-fluids and modified nanofluids have notable applications in aerospace, energy materials, thermal sensors, antifouling, etc. This study aims to the modified and hybrid nanofluid flow with the Carreau fluid over a sloped shrinking sheet. The Cattaneo–Christov heat flux also takes into account. To determine the thermal efficiency of the heat, three different kinds of nanomaterials, copper oxide ($CuO)$, copper $\left(Cu\right),$ and alumina ($A{l}_2{O}_3$), are used. The similarity alteration commutes the insolubility of the model into ODEs. The conclusions are attained by program writing in MATLAB software and dealing with them through the bvp4c solver with the shooting method. The skin-friction amount decreases with the inclined sheet and local Weissenberg parameter for both modified and hybrid nanofluid. An upsurge thermal relaxation parameter declines the skin-friction coefficient for modified nanofluid flow and increases the skin-friction coefficient for hybrid nanofluid flow. The heat transfer rate is upsurged with modified and hybrid nanofluid for thermal relaxation parameter. Furthermore, the presentation includes the development of skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number values for specific parameters. Through benchmarking, numerical solutions are validated using certain limiting situations that were previously published findings, and typically solid correlation is shown.

The belongings of radiation and velocity slip on MHD stream and melting warmth transmission of a micropolar liquid over an exponentially stretched sheet which is fixed in a porous medium with heat source/sink are accessible. Homothety transforms the major PDE into a set of non-linear ODE. Then, by varying the boundary value problem to the initial value problem first, we get a numerical solution the non-linear system of equations. It has been observed that related parameters have a significant effect on flow and heat transfer characteristics, which are demonstrat?ed and explained in aspect done their figures. Velocity and temperature decrease by an extension in the magnetic aspect, and the angular velocity increase but the reverse effects come in melting, microrotation, and mixed convection parameters. The surface resistance coefficient as well as couple stress both decreases with amplification in the Eckert number microrotation, material, radiation, and heat source/sink parameter but the heat transport coefficient increase.

The present work examines the impressions of radiation impact on the three-dimensional non-Newtonian MHD Casson flow of ternary hybrid nanofluids over a symmetrical stretching sheet with magnetic impression and heat generation/absorption. The unique boost in thermal efficiency and development of the rate of heat transport as valid to the dynamics of energy and coolant in automobiles is what has led to an increase in knowledge of hybrid nanofluid. For the study, two groups of ternary nanoparticles (CNT-Gr-Fe₃O₄ and MgO-Cu-Au) are combined with the base fluid kerosene oil. A nonlinear partial differential equation system is created while keeping in mind some reasonable presumptions. Using the similarities transformation, PDE’s are changed into nonlinear ODE’s. Also, it is then mathematically simplified with the bvp4c technique. The consequences of an exclusive group of unique impacts on motion characteristics, skin friction coefficient, thermal field impressions, heat transport rate, concentration distribution, and mass transfer rate are described clearly. The motion in the x and y directions decays with increasing the Casson fluid parameter and magnetic impact for ternary groups I and II. An energy upsurge profile appears for radiation impression (1 Nr 20) and heat source/sink (0.1 Q 1.5). When compared to rising Dufour number (0.1 Du 0.9) and heat source/sink values (0.1 Q 1.5), the Nusselt number decreases. The volume fraction of ternary nanoparticles rises the velocity (in both directions) and thermal distributions. Also, the Nusselt number enhances for both ternary groups when increasing thermal radiation (1 Nr 20).

Aim of present study is to identify the effects of radiation and heat generation in unsteady MHD mixed convective flow of nanofluids along a upstanding channel through porous medium. Four types of nanofluids were studied (i) Water based – Ag (ii) Water based – Al₂O₃. Water is taken as convectional base fluid and Ag and Al₂O₃ particles are incorporated in this base fluid. Keeping in mind the congregating and random motion of nanoparticles, “Koo and Kleinstreuer model” is used. The main characteristics of the nanofluids have finer thermo physical properties such as high thermal conductivity, minimal bloking in flow passage, long term solidity and uniformity. The governing boundary layer equations are formulated and reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations using perturbation technique. Solutions are obtained for motion and temperature, discussed and pertinent results are shown through graphs.