Purpose: Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) has been demonstrated to be closely associated with the poor prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the role of SII during treatment of NPC has not been reported. This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of SII during treatment for NPC patients. Methods: A total of 759 patients diagnosed with NPC were included in this retrospective study (393 in training cohort and 366 in validation cohort). The correlation between variables was analyzed by the chi-squared test, the Fisher’s exact test or the likelihood test. Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test were used to analyze progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The independent prognostic factors were determined by multivariate analysis of Cox proportional hazards regression model. The uncontrolled risk was analyzed by Logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess prognostic value. Results: The optimal cut-off point for the SII during treatment was 937.32. High SII during treatment group had higher uncontrolled risk than low SII during treatment group (p = 0.008). In multivariate Cox proportional hazard models analysis, SII during treatment was an independent prognostic factor for 5-year PFS (p < 0.001) and 5-year OS (p < 0.001). All results were found in the training cohort and confirmed in the validation cohort. Conclusions: The SII during treatment is a promising indicator of predicting the survival in NPC patients, especially the risk of uncontrolled occurrence. By monitoring the SII during treatment, it is possible to better evaluate the treatment effect and formulate personalized treatment.

HHV8-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (HDN) is a subtype of lymphoma that usually arises in association with HHV8-positive multicentric Castleman disease. However, the epidemiology, treatment patterns, and survival outcomes of HDN are poorly understood. A retrospective analysis was performed for 67 patients with HDN diagnosed from 2011 to 2020 using the SEER database. The demographic characteristics, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes of HDN patients were evaluated. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis were employed to identify prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). The age-adjusted incidence rate of HDN was 0.010 per 100,000 person-years. The median age at diagnosis was 51.8 years with male predominance. The primary site distribution was mainly nodal (79.1%), while the extranodal sites were rarely involved (20.9%). The majority of patients were white (65.7%). Only 3.0% of patients received radiotherapy, while 55.2% received chemotherapy. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS was 67.4%, 65.6%, 58.4%, and 56.3%, respectively, and the corresponding DSS was 73.1%, 73.1%, and 67.8%, respectively. The diagnosis year group of 2016–2020 had a significantly worse OS than the diagnosis year group of 2011–2015 (P = .040), but not for DSS (P = .074). No significant survival improvement was observed in patients underwent chemotherapy. Age and marital status were independent prognostic factors for OS, and age was an independent prognostic factor for DSS. In conclusion, HDN is a rare and aggressive disease, our study provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, treatment patterns and survival outcomes of HDN patients for the first time. We revealed that older age and marital status of single were associated with worse survival of HDN, while chemotherapy was not associated with improved survival outcomes in HDN patients.

Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed necrotic cell death, but its potential prognostic value in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unclear. On the basis of available AML data from TCGA and TARGET databases, a 10-gene signature model was constructed to effectively predict AML prognosis by performing LASSO Cox regression analysis, which showed that patients with a low-risk score had a significantly better prognosis than that of the high-risk group, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis achieved superior performance in the prognostic model. The model was further well-verified in an external GEO cohort. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that, in addition to age, the risk score was an independent poor survival factor for AML patients, and a nomogram model was constructed with high accuracy. Moreover, the high-risk group generally had higher cytolytic activity and increased levels of infiltrating immune cells, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), which could be related to the expression of immune checkpoint genes. Additionally, low-risk AML patients may have a better response from traditional chemotherapeutic drugs. In conclusion, a pyroptosis-related gene signature can independently predict the prognosis of AML patients with sufficient predictive power, and pyroptosis plays an important role in the immune microenvironment of AML, which may be used to develop a new effective therapeutic method for AML in the future.

Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia (CEL), a rare and intricate hematological disorder characterized by uncontrolled eosinophilic proliferation, presents clinical challenges owing to its infrequency. This study aimed to investigate epidemiology and develop a prognostic nomogram for CEL patients. Utilizing the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database, CEL cases diagnosed between 2001 and 2020 were analyzed for incidence rates, clinical profiles, and survival outcomes. Patients were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts (7:3 ratio). LASSO regression analysis and Cox regression analysis were performed to screen the prognostic factors for overall survival. A nomogram was then constructed and validated to predict the 3- and 5-year overall survival probability of CEL patients by incorporating these factors. The incidence rate of CEL was very low, with an average of 0.033 per 100,000 person-years from 2001 to 2020. The incidence rate significantly increased with age and was higher in males than females. The mean age at diagnosis was 57 years. Prognostic analysis identified advanced age, specific marital statuses, and secondary CEL as independent and adverse predictors of overall survival. To facilitate personalized prognostication, a nomogram was developed incorporating these factors, demonstrating good calibration and discrimination. Risk stratification using the nomogram effectively differentiated patients into low- and high-risk groups. This study enhances our understanding of CEL, offering novel insights into its epidemiology, demographics, and prognostic determinants, while providing a possible prognostication tool for clinical use. However, further research is warranted to elucidate molecular mechanisms and optimize therapeutic strategies for CEL.

Background: Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and poorly understood hematopoietic malignancy. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in patients with primary BPDCN.Methods: Patients diagnosed with primary BPDCN from 2001 to 2019 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Survival outcome was analysed with Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors were evaluated based on the univariate and multivariate accelerated failure time (AFT) regression analysis.Results: A total of 340 primary BPDCN patients were included in this study. The average age was 53.7 ± 19.4 years, with 71.5% being male. The mostly affected sites were lymph nodes (31.8%). Most patients (82.1%) received chemotherapy, while 14.7% received radiation therapy. For all the patients, the 1-year, 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year overall survival (OS) were 68.7%, 49.8%, 43.9%, and 39.2%, respectively, and the corresponding disease-specific survival (DSS) were 73.6%, 56.0%, 50.2%, and 48.1%, respectively. Univariate AFT analysis showed that older age, marital status of divorced, widowed and separated at diagnosis, primary BPDCN only, treatment delay for 3-6 months and without radiation therapy were significantly associated with poor prognosis of primary BPDCN patients. But multivariate AFT analysis indicated that older age was independently associated with worse survival, while second primary malignancies (SPMs) and radiation therapy were independently associated with extended survival.Conclusions: Primary BPDCN is a rare disease with poor prognosis. Advanced age was linked independently to poorer survival, while SPMs and radiation therapy were linked independently to prolonged survival.