The current evidence on paediatric melanoma is heterogeneous, especially regarding the prognosis of different histological subtypes. We sought to systematically review the evidence on paediatric melanoma, highlighting the major sources of heterogeneity and focusing on available data on single patients. A systematic search was performed from 1948 to 25 January 2021. Only studies reporting at least one case of cutaneous melanoma in patients aged ≤18 years were included. Unknown primary and uncertain malignant melanomas were excluded. Three couples of authors independently performed title/abstract screening and two different authors reviewed all the relevant full texts. The selected articles were manually cross‐checked for overlapping data for qualitative synthesis. Subsequently data on single patients were extracted to perform a patient‐level meta‐analysis. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021233248. The main outcomes were melanoma‐specific survival (MSS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) outcomes. Separate analyses were done of cases with complete information on histologic subtype, focusing on superficial spreading (SSM), nodular (NM) and spitzoid melanomas, as well as of those classified asde‐novo(DNM) and acquired or congenital nevus‐associated melanomas (NAM). The qualitative synthesis covered 266 studies; however, data on single patients were available from 213 studies including 1002 patients. Among histologic subtypes, NM had a lower MSS than both SSM and spitzoid melanoma, and a lower PFS than SSM. Spitzoid melanoma had a significantly higher progression risk than SSM and trended toward lower mortality. Focusing on nevus‐associated status, DNM demonstrated better MSS after progression than congenital NAM, and no differences were highlighted in PFS. Our findings describe the existence of different biological patterns in paediatric melanoma. Specifically, spitzoid melanomas demonstrated intermediate behaviour between SSM and NM and showed a high risk of nodal progression but low mortality. This raises the question of whether spitzoid lesions are being over‐diagnosed as melanoma in childhood.

Chronic hand eczema (CHE) is a common inflammatory skin condition that significantly impacts the quality of life. From work-related disabilities to social embarrassment, pain, and financial costs, the burden on society is substantial. Managing this condition presents challenges such as long-term treatment, poor patient compliance, therapy side effects, and economic feasibility. As a result, significant efforts have been made in this field in recent years. Specifically, the broader understanding of CHE pathogenesis has led to the development of new drugs, both topical and systemic. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the current available data on hand eczema pathophysiology and explore the resulting developments in drugs for its treatment. A comprehensive search on PubMed and the other main scientific databases was conducted using keywords related to CHE and its pathogenesis. The most relevant pathways targeted by therapies include the JAK-STAT cascade, IL-4, and IL-13 axis, phosphodiesterase 4 enzyme, and chemo-attractant cytokines. In the near future, physicians will have a plethora of therapeutic alternatives. Consequently, they should be well-trained not only in how to use these alternatives but also how to combine these treatments to address the ongoing challenges related to efficacy, tolerability, and safety.

Introduction: Tildrakizumab is a humanized IgG1κ monoclonal antibody targeting the p19 subunit of interleukin (IL)-23, approved in 2018 for the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, safety and survival of tildrakizumab in the medium term (48 weeks) in psoriatic patients failure to previous biologic treatment in a real world setting. Methods: This was a retrospective, multicenter observational study that included adult patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, failure to previous biologic therapy, consecutively treated with tildrakizumab. PASI and BSA values were recorded at baseline, at 12 and 48 weeks of treatment. Safety and tolerability of tildrakizumab were investigated by examining the presence of any adverse events. Results: Overall 51 patients were enrolled. Baseline disease severity was moderate to severe with a mean PASI score of 19.2 ± 8.5, mean BSA of 16 ± 10.4, and mean DLQI of 18.2 ± 6.8. A significant reduction in the mean PASI score was detected at 12 weeks of tildrakizumab therapy (3.5 ± 2.7, p < 0.001), with a further improvement at week 48 (0.6 ± 1.5, p < 0.001). At week 12, there was a great improvement in BSA score for all groups (p <0.001) with further increase at week 48. The effectiveness was confirmed also by DLQI assessment, with a significant decrease at week 12 and even more at week 48 (p <0.001). Conclusions: This study confirms the effectiveness of tildrakizumab in daily clinical practice in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

Introduction Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that significantly affects the quality of life (QoL). Lebrikizumab, a biologic drug targeting interleukin-13, demonstrated efficacy and safety in clinical trials. However, real-world data remain limited, largely restricted to Asian populations. Methods This 16-week retrospective multicenter study included 78 adults from a predominantly white cohort with moderate-to-severe AD treated with lebrikizumab throughout 2024. Patients were both naïve and experienced with biologics or Janus kinase inhibitors (bio/JAKi-naïve or -experienced). The primary outcome for disease severity and therapeutic response was measured using the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI). Secondary outcomes included the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), itch- and sleep-numerical rating scales (NRS), body surface area (BSA), Investigator Global Assessment (IGA), SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), and Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM). Atopic Dermatitis Control Tool (ADCT) and minimal disease activity (MDA) were used to estimate disease control, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales to monitor mental health status. Results At week 16, benefits in disease severity were observed for EASI (− 15.8 ± 9.4, p < 0.0001) and EASI head and neck (− 2.0 ± 1.7, p < 0.0001). QoL significantly improved in 70% of patients (DLQI reduction of − 12.6 ± 9.3, p < 0.0001), accompanied by decreased pruritus (Itch-NRS reduction of − 4.6 ± 3.2, p < 0.0001) and better sleep quality (sleep-NRS reduction of − 4.1 ± 3.4, p < 0.0001). A 76% reduction in BSA score was recorded, 85% of subjects improved their IGA index, with 62% achieving a score of 0–1, and SCORAD and POEM assessments significantly improved (p < 0.0001). Patients perceived a better control of the disease (ADCT, − 10.9 ± 7.1, p < 0.0001), and 14% of patients achieved MDA. Anxiety and depression levels decreased. Four mild adverse events were registered. Conclusions This is one of the first real-world multicenter studies in a predominantly adult white population showing that lebrikizumab is effective, safe and improves symptoms, QoL, and mental health in moderate-to-severe AD bio/JAKi-naïve and -experienced patients.