Recently, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) as a metal-free conjugated polymer has emerged as a photocatalyst showing catalytic activity for water splitting, CO₂photoreduction and degradation of organic pollutants under visible light irradiation.

G-C₃N₄ with structural defects and low polymerization synthesized by urea as the precursor for photocatalytic H₂ production under visible light.

A Bi ₂ S ₃ /KTa _0.75 Nb _0.25 O ₃ (KTN) nanocomposite was synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal method and first applied in piezo-/photocatalytic N ₂ fixation.

A solid state method for the large scale synthesis of LaFeO ₃ /g-C ₃ N ₄ nanocomposite with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic degradation activity.

The synthesized ZrO₂/g-C₃N₄ composites exhibit superior performance in water splitting for hydrogen production due to the effective electron–hole separation at the composite interface.