The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an invasive alien species that can damage cotton plants and cause huge economic losses in the cotton industry. Currently, A. grandis is mainly distributed in the American continent. However, few studies have indicated the distribution and modification of its suitable global habitats after undergoing climate change. Based on the 339 distribution records of A. grandis and eight bioclimatic variables, we used the optimal MaxEnt model to predict the potential global distribution of A. grandis under the current (1970–2000) and future climatic scenarios (SSP5-8.5). The annual mean temperature (bio1) and isothermality (bio3) were the two most important bioclimatic variables, which indicates that the survival of A. grandis is extremely sensitive to temperature fluctuations. Under the current scenario, the highly suitable habitats were mainly distributed in America (the USA, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay), Africa (South Africa, Ethiopia, and Mozambique), Asia (Pakistan, India, Thailand, Burma, and China), and Oceania (Australia). In future scenarios (SSP5-8.5), the potential suitable global habitats reached the highest level in America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania in the 2090s. Our study provides a meaningful reference for researchers, quarantine officers, and governments to devise suitable management control strategies for A. grandis.

Theacrine and epigallocatechin-3-O-(3-O-methyl) gallate (EGCG3"Me) are notable secondary metabolites in tea (Camellia sinensis), celebrated for their unique flavors and significant health effects. Theacrine has a mild effect on nerve stimulation, while EGCG3"Me exhibits better stability, higher oral bioavailability and stronger biological activity. However, tea plant varieties naturally rich in both theacrine and EGCG3"Me are rare. This study unveils a unique tea variety ‘Anxi kucha’, which is abundant in both theacrine and EGCG3"Me. Through integrated transcriptome-proteome-metabolome analysis, SAMS3, APRT1, IMPDH, and TCS1 were identified as critical enzymes for theacrine synthesis; while CHI1, CHI2, FLS2 and LAR1 were key for EGCG3"Me synthesis. Additionally, transcription factor analysis revealed that MYB4 and bHLH74 were positively correlated with the contents of theacrine and EGCG3"Me. This study provides valuable materials for further exploring theacrine and EGCG3"Me in tea plants, and establishes a theoretical basis for their biosynthesis.

As a renowned tea with a historical significance in China, Gushan semi-rock tea originated from the Gushan Mountain in Fujian, China. This study describes the genetic diversity, population structure, and distribution characteristics of 76 tea samples collected from Gushan Mountain and neighboring regions, using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The results show that the average information index (I) is 0.490, the average observed heterozygosity (Ho) is 0.384, the average expected heterozygosity (He) is 0.329, and the average fixation index (F) is -0.132. The genetic variation mainly comes from intraregional variation, which accounts for 82% of the total variation. Furthermore, there is a closer connection between tea plants in Southern, Northern, and Eastern Fujian. The frequency of genetic exchange between tea plants in the Gushan semi-rock tea and those in Southern, Northern, and Eastern Fujian is relatively low, showing obvious uniqueness. The findings of this study help fill the gap in tea genome research in the Gushan semi-rock tea and provide valuable information on the genetic diversity of tea resources in Gushan area. The results can be utilized in future genomics, phylogeny, and artificial breeding programs aimed at developing new tea varieties.