This study aimed to examine the effects of supervised fitness training under the guidance of a personal trainer and those of competitive fitness training with others and reveal the effects of specific differences between them in a detailed manner. The study's participants consisted of 66 healthy male adults (age: 29.2 ± 5.4 years). The participants were divided into three groups: the individual training group (n = 21), which served as the control group; the exercising with a partner group (n = 22); and the group trained by a personal trainer (n = 23). Each participant was subsequently assessed using one repetition maximum bench press, squats, skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, and a questionnaire regarding nutritional plan and injury to compare the effects of training sessions over a period of 12 weeks. Among the three groups, only the group trained by a personal trainer showed an obvious enhancement in fat reduction compared to baseline (-1.61 kg, p = 0.033), which was suggestive of a salient trend that far surpassed those of the individual training group and the exercising with a partner group. Regarding squats, only the group trained by a personal trainer showed a significant change compared to the individual training group (p = 0.003). Regarding the participants' consistent use of a nutritional plan, only the group trained by a personal trainer exhibited a palpable tendency (p < 0.001); furthermore, the effect of preventing injury in the group trained by a personal trainer was more notable than that in the individual training group and the exercising with a partner group. Our results indicate that a fitness personal trainer service is effective in expediting the process of achieving fitness goals in a relatively safe manner, thereby substantiating the diversified values of the fitness personal trainer service.

Objectives: This meta-analysis aimed to identify gender-based differences of both overall Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and individual FMS components in male and female groups. Methods: A comprehensive search was performed across three major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) to ensure rigorous inclusion criteria. Data collection took place from 2016 to 2024, and 1,235 articles were identified. After scrutiny, 20 met the requirements for inclusion. The Review Manager 5.4 and CMAv4 software were utilized to examine the FMS score results to ensure rigorous statistical evaluation. Data were synthesized using a random-effect model, with the Mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) used to calculate effect size. Results: The overall FMS score showed that the functional movement capacities of males and females differed; females performed higher (MD = −0.46, 95% CI = −0.83 to −0.08, P = 0.02) compared to males. A meta-analysis of 7 individual FMS components was conducted to assess the importance for both sexes. However, tests on specific areas showed significant gender differences: females outperformed males in shoulder mobility (p < 0.00001), active straight leg raise (p < 0.00001), hurdle step (p = 0.01), and rotary stability (p = 0.002). In contrast, males demonstrated significantly greater trunk stability (p < 0.0001) compared to females. Despite this, the in-line lunge (p = 0.42) and deep squat (p = 0.20) demonstrated no significant difference across gender. Conclusion: These outcomes highlight significant gender-based differences that can help identify weaknesses and strengths, which may assist coaches, trainers, and individuals in recommending gender-specific exercises and training programs. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=1043946 , identifier CRD420251043946.

Background: People who maintain regular outdoor exercise in winter face many environmental and climatic challenges. Therefore, it is crucial to clearly prioritize the attributes of consumer demand for winter sportswear.Purpose: This study aims to identify the ranking of attributes that Chinese consumers of outdoor sports products value in their demand for winter sportswear.Participants and methods: This study collected data from sports enthusiasts in China's cold winter regions through an online questionnaire (the final effective data set contains 483). The scale collected attribute data on consumer needs for sportswear functions, pricing, service, design, and brand. Each survey includes consumer evaluations of the importance and performance of demand attributes. Demographic surveys include information on age, purchasing experience, and recent requirements. Finally, the results are statistically analyzed using t-test, IPA, Borich needs, and LF.Results: Top Priority includes color, ergonomics, logo and accuracy (shown as priority in IPA, Need and FL results). Second Priority includes logistics, packaging, return & exchange policy (shown as priority in Need and FL results). Third Priority includes technical cost, fabrics cost and quality control cost (only shown as priority in IPA result).Conclusion: The top three attributes that consumers care about most in the Chinese winter sportswear market are, in order of priority: design, service and pricing.

Background: The intergenerational influence of family sports behavior is not only related to the interaction and imitation between the two generations, but also to factors such as family culture and socioeconomic status.Objective: This study aims to investigate the intergenerational influence and determinants of family physical activity behavior in the Yangtze River Delta region of China.Methods: This study investigated sports motivation, sports conditions, and sports rating through parent–child scales distributed to 288 families with school-age children aged 9–19 in the same area. Information on the gender and age of the children in each family, as well as the age, occupation, income, and educational background of the parents, was collected. Finally, the above results were statistically analyzed using the t-test and One-way analysis of variance.Results: The results show that caregiving parents’ gender has a significant impact on offspring sports motivation (OSM). The differences in the occupations of their parents have a significant impact on OSM, Offspring Sports Rating (OSR), and Offspring Sports Condition (OSC), and the sports-related occupations parents have a significant positive effect on the development of their offspring’s sports behavior. As well as differences in the educational background of their parents have a significant impact on OSC. On the other hand, the offspring’s influence on parental sports motivation (PSM) varies at different ages.Conclusion: Parental gender, education, occupation and children’s age are the key factors in the intergenerational influence of family sports behavior in the Yangtze River Delta region of China.