A derailed train may collide with station buildings, leading to severe consequences. However, studies of this problem are limited. In this work, finite element models of a train, tracks and the ground are built using nonlinear finite element software. The train derailment and the attitude of the train after derailment are simulated with the introduction of an artificial obstacle. The influences of various friction coefficients are discussed. The simulation results show that the friction coefficients of the ground affect the speed and running time of the train after derailment; significant pulling and collision between different carriages of the train are observed. The rear carriages extrude the front ones, causing the train to move with a ‘snakelike’ attitude. The train may collide with objects within a range of 6.68 m from both sides of the tracks.