Two new sesquiterpenes, microsphaeropsisin B (1) and C (2), and two new de-O-methyllasiodiplodins, (3R, 7R)-7-hydroxy-de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (4) and (3R)-5-oxo-de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (5), together with one new natural product (6) and twelve known compounds (3, 7–17), were isolated from the co-cultivation of mangrove endophytic fungus Trichoderma sp. 307 and aquatic pathogenic bacterium Acinetobacter johnsonii B2. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data, electronic circular dichroism, Mo₂(AcO)₄-induced circular dichroism, and comparison with reported data. All of the isolated compounds were tested for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity. New compounds 4 and 5 exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ values of 25.8 and 54.6 µM, respectively, which were more potent than the positive control (acarbose, IC₅₀ = 703.8 µM). The good results of the tested bioactivity allowed us to explore α-glucosidase inhibitors in lasiodiplodins.

Many plants remain unexplored for their endophytic fungi that may possess potentially important phytochemicals. Consequently, we have focused to discover new natural products from endophytic fungus Diaporthe perseae sp. isolated from the stem of the Chinese mangrove Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre plant that led to the isolation of one new chlorinated isochromophilone G (1) along with six known azaphilones (2–7). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by UV, NMR and Mass spectroscopic analysis. All the isolated compounds were screened for their antimicrobial and anti-oxidant activities. Graphical Abstract

Eu³⁺ plays a key role in enhancing the R_a of single-phase white-light-emitting phosphors, which exhibit excellent thermal stability (I@400 K∼93%). A WLED with an R_a of 89.9 was fabricated, featuring a D_uv of ±0.002 to ±0.014, meeting ANSI standards.