Despite the effectiveness of text messaging therapy in improving mental health conditions, limited attention has been paid to how the text messages are constructed. Thus, this study questions whether there is a need to develop a model of text message construction for mental health therapy. In this backdrop, this study reviews how a text message for mental health therapy is constructed, specifically focused on the process and guidelines. This study also aims to identify the research gap regarding the guideline of text message construction for mental health therapy and to identify mental health professionals’ practices in text messaging therapy. In addition, the opinions of mental health professionals on the need to develop a text message construction guideline were also gathered. The findings from the literature review confirmed that there are still limited guidelines explaining the process of constructing text messages for mental health therapy. Meanwhile, results from the online survey found that mental health professionals expressed a high need to explore and develop a model of text message construction for mental health therapy. With this research gap addressed, this study proposes further research into the development of a text message construction model for mental health therapy.

Isu dan maklumat mengenai masalah kesihatan mental kerap dibincangkan menerusi saluran media. Namun, kesedaran masyarakat terhadap masalah kesihatan mental masih lagi rendah. Tambahan lagi, sesetengah individu yang mengalami masalah kesihatan mental enggan tampil menerima rawatan. Bagi mengatasi masalah ini, agensiagensi kesihatan awam professional di seluruh dunia telah mewujudkan terapi masalah kesihatan mental secara digital. Terapi masalah kesihatan mental secara digital telah memberikan focus terhadap penyampaia rawatan pemulihan psikologi dan kesihatan fzikal. Walaupun secara ke seluruhannya, kaedah terapis ecara digital telah dibuktikan berkesan dalam memperbaiki tahap kesihatan mental seseorang, namunjenis platform digital yang sesuai digunakan untuk menyampaikan terapi bagi sesuatu jenis masalah kesihatan mental masih belum diteliti. Oleh itu artikel ini memberi tumpuan terhadap jenis platform digital yang digunakan dalam terapi masalah kesihatan mental dan keberkesanannya ke atas pelbagai aspek kesihatan serta pemulihan. Dalam hal ini, analisa kandungan ke atas kajiankajian lepas berkenaan dengan jenis platform digital dan keberkesanannya diberi penelitian. Hasil analisa kandungan dari tinjauan kajian lepas menunjukkan sistem pesanan ringkas (SMS) adalah yang paling banyak digunakan sebagai platform untuk menyampai terapi masalah kesihatan mental diikuti aplikasi telefon pintar, laman sesawang dan ruang perbualan dalam talian. Secara keseluruhan, dapatan dari tinjauan kajian lepas membuktikan terdapat perubahan positif terhadap emosi, pemikiran dan tingkah laku. Dengan ini menunjukkan bahawa terapi masalah kesihatan mental secara dalam talian amat berpotensi untuk dilaksanakan terutamanya bagi individu yang mempunyai kekangan untuk mendapatkan perkhidmatan rawatan secara bersemuka atau semasa situasi setempat berada pada tahap kritikal seperti situasi pandemik COVID19 yang membataskan pergerakan seluruh populasi. Kata kunci: Terapi digital; terapi mobil; kesihatan mental; pesanan teks; psikoterapi
Abstract
Issues and information on mental health problems are frequently discussed through media channels. However, public awareness on mental health problems is still low. In addition, individuals with a mental health problem refuses to receive treatment. To overcome these problems, professional public health agencies around the world have designed digital mental health therapy. Digital mental health therapy has given a focus to the delivery of psychological and physical health rehabilitation treatments. Although digital mental health therapy has been shown to be effective in improving mental health conditions, however the appropriate type of digital platform used to provide the therapy for a particular type of mental health problem has yet to be studied. Therefore, this article focuses on the types of digital platforms used in therapy of mental health problems and its effectiveness on various aspects of health as well as rehabilitation. In this regard, content analysis of previous studies related to the type of digital platform and its effectiveness are done. The results of the content analysis showed that SMS the most widely used platform to deliver mental health problem therapy followed by smartphone applications, websites and online chat. Overall, the fndings from the results of previous studies show positive changes in emotions, thoughts and behaviours. This suggests that mobile therapy for mental health has great potential to be implemented for individuals who have constraints to access in-person therapy or during critical times such as COVID19 pandemic situations which limiting population movement. Keyword: Digital therapy; mobile therapy; mental health; text message; psychotherapy

The movement control order (MCO) is one of the measures taken by the Malaysian government to control the spread of the COVID19 pandemic. This enforcement has left an impact on various sectors including the economy, education, industry, admissions, health and others. The sudden change in daily activities during the COVID19 pandemic is seen as one of the most likely factors to a person’s mental health deterioration. This study aims to identify the mental health level of Malaysians during the MCO which was enforced from 18 March 2020 to 31 December 2020. Therefore, a longitudinally formed of non-experimental study was conducted. A set of questionnaires on the assessment of depression, anxiety and stress were distributed to the public using a simple random sampling method. The evaluation and data collection process were carried out during the second phase, third phase, fourth phase and post-MCO phase. Descriptive data analysis of all three mental health and Kruskal -Wallis analysis was performed to determine the differences in mental health between the three phases using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. The findings show that the anxiety and depression of Malaysians during the second phase of PKP is higher than in the third phase of MCO. Overall, the level of anxiety and stress of the majority of Malaysians are normal in the fourth phase of the MCO. Meanwhile, the depression level of Malaysians improved from one phase of MCO to the next. The post-MCO phase showed that each of the mental health problems in this study was experienced by less than one -third of the total respondents. Government support in terms of financial aid and the provision of current information on the COVID19 problem could to some extent reduce the deterioration of public mental health.

Based on the result in TIMSS Mathematics Achievement 2019 for student grade 8, it shows that mathematics performance has not yet achieved the desired position in the Malaysia Education Blueprint (2013-2025). Furthermore, the average mathematics score reported by PISA 2022 in Malaysia declined by 31 points compared to the achievement in PISA 2018. The impact from this result will affects the quality of education in Malaysia compared to other countries. Students' academic performance may be reflected to some extent based on their learning styles. As such, it becomes useful information to guide teacher’s instruction. Many studies have discussed on student learning styles; however, there are varying findings among different levels of learners. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the learning styles and mathematics performance of lower secondary students (Form 1 and Form 2) in one of the schools in the Klang Valley by using cluster sampling. There were 147 respondents from Form 1 and Form 2 selected in this study. This study was conducted using a quantitative method; a set of VARK learning style questionnaire was distributed to the respondents, and mathematics performance results were taken from midterm test. The framework of the study adopted VARK learning style which has 30 items with seven dimensions that include visual, auditory, reading/writing, kinaesthetic, group and individual learning styles preference. The data analysed descriptive and inferential statistical techniques by using SPSS tool. The results revealed no significant difference in learning styles and mathematics performance between high and low mathematics achiever. However, upon examining each learning style individually, it was found that high mathematics achiever students exhibited significant difference in their learning styles. Furthermore, the study found there is no relationship between students' learning styles and mathematics performance across both high and low mathematics achiever groups.

Despite the effectiveness of anxiety therapy through text messages, limited research was found to analyse the topics included in the therapy session. It is also unclear of which topic modelling approaches is the best in extracting anxiety therapy topics from text messages. Thus, this study aims to compare the performance of four topic modelling methods, namely Latent Feature Di-richlet Multinomial Mixture (LFDMM), Gibbs Sampling Dirichlet Multinomi-al Mixture, Generalized Polya-urn Dirichlet Multinomial Mixture and Pois-son-based Dirichlet Multinomial Mixture Model on 28 text messages of anxi-ety-therapy. Four combinations of parameter settings were applied in the ex-periments to compare and decide the most suitable ones for future analysis. The performance of the topic modelling was evaluated using classification accuracy, clustering, and coherence scores. The findings shows that LFDMM has the best accuracy (34.10%) and clustering scores (0.5000, 0.4808) with combinations of hyperparameters α = 0.1 and β = 0.01 to infer more relevant topics.