Teacher job satisfaction is an important aspect of academic performance, student retention, and teacher retention. We propose to determine the predictive model of job satisfaction of basic education teachers using machine learning techniques. The original data set consisted of 15,087 instances and 942 attributes from the national survey of teachers from public and private educational institutions of regular basic education (ENDO-2018) carried out by the Ministry of Education of Peru. We used the ANOVA F-test filter and the Chi-Square filter as feature selection techniques. In the modeling phase, the logistic regression algorithms, Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, XGBoost and Decision Trees-CART were used. Among the algorithms evaluated, XGBoost and Random Forest stand out, obtaining similar results in 4 of the 8 metrics evaluated, these are: balanced accuracy of 74%, sensitivity of 74%, F1-Score of 0.48 and negative predictive value of 0.94. However, in terms of the area under the ROC curve, XGBoost scores 0.83, while Random Forest scores 0.82. These algorithms also obtain the highest true-positive values (479 instances) and lowest false-negative values (168 instances) in the confusion matrix. Economic income, satisfaction with life, self-esteem, teaching activity, relationship with the director, perception of living conditions, family relationships; health problems related to depression and satisfaction with the relationship with colleagues turned out to be the most important predictors of job satisfaction in basic education teachers.

Salamanca is cataloged as one of the most polluted cities in Mexico. In order to observe the behavior and clarify the influence of wind parameters on the Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) concentrations a Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) Neural Network have been implemented at three monitoring locations for the period from January 1 to December 31, 2006. The maximum and minimum daily values of SO2 concentrations measured during the year of 2006 were correlated with the wind parameters of the same period. The main advantages of the SOM Neural Network is that it allows to integrate data from different sensors and provide readily interpretation results. Especially, it is powerful mapping and classification tool, which others information in an easier way and facilitates the task of establishing an order of priority between the distinguished groups of concentrations depending on their need for further research or remediation actions in subsequent management steps. For each monitoring location, SOM classifications were evaluated with respect to pollution levels established by Health Authorities. The classification system can help to establish a better air quality monitoring methodology that is essential for assessing the effectiveness of imposed pollution controls, strategies, and facilitate the pollutants reduction

Breast cancer is the most common cause of death in women and the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Primary prevention in the early stages of the disease becomes complex as the causes remain almost unknown. However, some typical signatures of this disease, such as masses and microcalcifications appearing on mammograms, can be used to improve early diagnostic techniques, which is critical for women's quality of life. X-ray mammography is the main test used for screening and early diagnosis, and its analysis and processing are the keys to improving breast cancer prognosis. In this work, an effective methodology to detect microcalcifications in digitized mammograms is presented. This methodology is based on the synergy of image processing, pattern recognition and artificial intelligence. The methodology consists in four stages: image selection, image enhancement and feature extraction based on mathematical morphology operations applying coordinate logic filters, image segmentation based on partitional clustering methods such as k-means and self organizing maps and finally a classifier such as an artificial metaplasticity multilayer perceptron. The proposed system constitutes a promising approach for the detection of Microcalcifications. The experimental results show that the proposed methodology can locate Microcalcifications in an efficient way. The best values obtained in the experimental results are: accuracy 99.93% and specificity 99.95%, These results are very competitive with those reported in the state of the art.

Esta investigación se desarrolló en una universidad al suroeste de Guanajuato, México. El objetivo fue identificar la influencia de los factores predominantes (socioeconómicos, académicos, familiares y personales) que inciden de manera directa en el rendimiento académico de los universitarios. El método fue cuantitativo de corte transversal-correlacional, con variables no paramétricas. El instrumento que se utilizó comprende 40 ítems, aplicado sistemáticamente a una muestra de 1339 estudiantes. Los resultados fueron significativos con un 95% de confiabilidad. Solo tres de cinco factores fueron aceptados de acuerdo con la prueba Spearman: los personales (0.952), en horas dedicadas al estudio; los académicos (0.790), en becas y maestros preparados; y los familiares (0.803), en la influencia de la familia. Por lo tanto, se confirma que existen correlaciones positivas con el indicador rendimiento académico. En este sentido, la correlación estadística permitió identificar la relación del rendimiento académico entre los factores predominantes mencionados y la vulnerabilidad a la que los universitarios están expuestos.

This paper presents a novel method for the automatic detection of microcalcifications in regions of interest images. Automatic detection method is implemented by feature extraction and sub-segmentation steps. The feature extraction step is improved using a top-hat transform such that microcalcifications can be highlighted. In a second step a sub-segmentation method based on the possibilistic fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm is applied in order to segment the images and as a way to identify the atypical pixels inside the regions of interest as the pixels representing microcalcifications. Once the pixels representing these objects have been identified, an artificial neural network model is used to learn the relations between atypical pixels and microcalcifications, such that the model can be used for aid diagnosis, and a medical could determine if these regions of interest are benign or malignant. So, as the results show, the proposed approach is a good alternative for the detection of suspicious regions, which could be of great help for medical diagnosis.