Several multiplex nucleic acid assay platforms have been developed in response to the increasing importance of nucleic acid analysis, but these assays should be optimized as per the requirements of point-of-care for clinical diagnosis. To achieve rapid and accurate detection, involving a simple procedure, we propose a new concept in the field of nucleic acid multiplex assay platforms using hydrogel microparticles, called barcode receptor-encoded particles (BREPs). The BREP assay detects multiple targets in a single reaction with a single fluorophore by analyzing graphically encoded hydrogel particles. By introducing sets of artificially synthesized barcode receptor and barcode probes, the BREP assay is easily applicable in multiplexing any genetic target; sets of barcode receptors and barcode probes should be designed delicately for universal application. The performance of the BREP assay was successfully verified in a multiplex assay for the identification of different malaria species with high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, fast detection time, and multiplexibility.

This study aimed to identify and evaluate drug candidates targeting the kinase inhibitory region of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 3 for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). Utilizing an artificial intelligence (AI)-based new drug development platform, virtual screening was conducted to identify compounds inhibiting the SH2 domain binding of SOCS3. Luminescence assays assessed the ability of these compounds to restore JAK-2 activity diminished by SOCS3. Jurkat T and BEAS-2B cells were utilized to investigate changes in SOCS3 and STAT3 expression, along with STAT3 phosphorylation in response to the identified compounds. In an OVA-induced allergic rhinitis mouse model, we measured serum levels of total IgE and OVA-specific IgE, performed real-time PCR on nasal mucosa samples to quantify Th2 cytokines and IFN-γ expression, and conducted immunohistochemistry to analyze eosinophil levels. Screening identified 20 hit compounds with robust binding affinities. As the concentration of SOCS3 increased, a corresponding decrease in JAK2 activity was observed. Compounds 5 and 8 exhibited significant efficacy in restoring JAK2 activity without toxicity. Treatment with these compounds resulted in reduced SOCS3 expression and the reinstatement of STAT3 phosphorylation in Jurkat T and BEAS-2B cells. In the OVA-induced allergic rhinitis mouse model, compounds 5 and 8 effectively alleviated nasal symptoms and demonstrated lower levels of immune markers compared to the allergy group. This study underscores the promising nonclinical efficacy of compounds identified through the AI-based drug development platform. These findings introduce innovative strategies for the treatment of AR and highlight the potential therapeutic value of targeting SOCS3 in managing AR.