The Clematis tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh. is a wild flowering plant that is most widely distributed on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, with beautiful, brightly colored flowers and good ornamental properties and adaptability. In diverse natural environments, the blossom color of C. tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh. varies greatly, although it is unclear what causes this diversity. It was examined using UPLC-MS/MS and transcriptome sequencing for the investigation of various compounds, differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and flavonoid biosynthesis-related pathways in two flowers in two ecological settings. The results showed that a total of 992 metabolites were detected, of which 425 were differential metabolites, mainly flavonoid metabolites associated with its floral color. The most abundant flavonoids, flavonols and anthocyanin metabolites in the G type were cynaroside, isoquercitrin and peonidin-3-O-glucoside, respectively. Flavonoids that differed in multiplicity in G type and N type were rhoifolin, naringin, delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside, chrysoeriol and catechin. Rhoifolin and chrysoeriol, produced in flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, two flavonoid compounds of C. tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh. with the largest difference in floral composition in two ecological environments. In two ecological environments of flower color components, combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that BZ1-1 and FG3-1 are key genes for delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside in anthocyanin biosynthesis, and HCT-5 and FG3-3 are key genes for rhoifolin and naringin in flavonoid biosynthesis and flavone and flavonol. Key genes for chlorogenic acid in flavonoid biosynthesis include HCT-6, CHS-1 and IF7MAT-1. In summary, differences in flavonoids and their content are the main factors responsible for the differences in the floral color composition of C. tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh. in the two ecological environments, and are associated with differential expression of genes related to flavonoid synthesis.

Clematis tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh . is an ornamental and medicinal plant endemic to the Central and East Asian plateaus. To comprehensively understand the natural habitat distribution and potential medicinal value of C. tangutica on the Qinghai Plateau, this study employed the MaxEnt model to predict its potential habitat distribution on the Qinghai Plateau and assess the impacts of climate change. Leaf metabolites from five different altitudes were analyzed using UPLC‐MS/MS to explore variations in metabolite accumulation. The results showed that the environmental variables exerting the greatest influence on the potential suitable distribution of C. tangutica were UV‐B seasonality (uvb2, percent contribution: 44.4%) and elevation (elev, percent contribution: 28.9%). High and moderately suitable habitats were mainly distributed in eastern, central, and southern Qinghai, covering a total of 299,300 km ² . Under future climate change scenarios, the total suitable habitat area is expected to decrease, with more significant reductions under high‐emission pathways. Metabolomic analysis identified 1362 metabolites, including flavonoids, amino acids and derivatives, phenolic acids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, with the highest accumulation occurring at altitudes between 2500 and 3500 m. Notably, key bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, were enriched at higher elevations, suggesting a strong link between environmental stress and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. These findings provide new insights into the ecological adaptability and medicinal potential of C. tangutica , highlighting its role as a model species for understanding plant‐environment interactions in extreme habitats.

Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) reproduces asexually through tubers, which are rich in fructan-type carbohydrates and serve as the primary processing organ. Plant hormones may regulate the sprouting process of tubers, but the changes in fructans and their regulatory mechanisms in relation to hormones remain unclear. This study utilized two varieties of Jerusalem artichoke, “Qingyu No.1” and “Qingyu No.3”, to analyze the changes in the proportion of carbohydrates (especially fructans) in total sugars during the sprouting process. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were conducted at three selected sprouting stages. The results indicated that during tuber sprouting, carbohydrates such as fructans play a regulatory role through conversion activities. Multi-omics analysis revealed that jasmonic acid and salicylic acid promote Jerusalem artichoke sprouting through metabolism and are involved in the plant hormone signal transduction process. Differentially expressed genes related to hormone signaling were screened and divided into three groups based on expression levels. It was found that the proportion of carbohydrates is highly correlated with the expression of hormone-related genes in the sprouts, suggesting that plant hormones may regulate carbohydrate metabolism during the sprouting of Jerusalem artichoke tubers. In conclusion, these results preliminarily elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of plant hormones in Jerusalem artichoke tuber sprouting, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the production and processing of Jerusalem artichoke.