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Moses Limuwa
Programmes Coordinating Office, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe P.O. Box 219, Malawi

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Journal article
Published: 26 August 2021 in Sustainability
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Agriculture is vital to global food production. Around 550 million smallholding households produce most of the world’s food, and many rely on livestock rearing for a living. Smallholder farms must survive and thrive to maintain and increase food production. Baseline information is vital for further extension service interventions. The goal of this Malawian study was to collect quantitative baseline data on crop and livestock production, agriproduct sales, and other indicators through a household survey, and to compare the efficacy (in terms of income) of using the concept of “Lead and Follow” farmer training programs. The baseline study survey was carried out in 44 sections of 11 extension planning areas from Malawi’s five districts (Dowa, Kasungu, Mchinji, Mzimba, and Rumphi). In total, 1131 smallholder households were interviewed. Crop production, livestock farming, and providing casual labor for others were all identified as significant sources of income for smallholders, implying that all agriproducts (the whole-farm approach) is equally important for improving smallholder livelihoods. On the one hand, the whole-farm approach should improve smallholders’ resilience regarding climate change and poverty. Lower agriproduct sales, on the other hand, indicated that links to the market were frequently poor but an increased market focus should help smallholders sell their produce at a fair margin. In terms of best practices adoption, both Lead and Follow farmers adopted similar farm practices (crops and livestock) to increase income. In general, no significant difference in income was calculated from many farm enterprises for both Lead and Follow farmers. However, the income from pigs and firewood was significantly higher for Follow farmers than for Lead farmers. Lead farmers reported significantly higher off-farm income sources. Significant changes are proposed to the “Lead farmer extension approach”.

ACS Style

Muhammad Azher Bhatti; Sosheel Solomon Godfrey; Ryan H. L. Ip; Chipo Kachiwala; Håvard Hovdhaugen; Liveness J. Banda; Moses Limuwa; Peter C. Wynn; Tormod Ådnøy; Lars Olav Eik. Diversity of Sources of Income for Smallholder Farming Communities in Malawi: Importance for Improved Livelihood. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9599 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Azher Bhatti, Sosheel Solomon Godfrey, Ryan H. L. Ip, Chipo Kachiwala, Håvard Hovdhaugen, Liveness J. Banda, Moses Limuwa, Peter C. Wynn, Tormod Ådnøy, Lars Olav Eik. Diversity of Sources of Income for Smallholder Farming Communities in Malawi: Importance for Improved Livelihood. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (17):9599.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Azher Bhatti; Sosheel Solomon Godfrey; Ryan H. L. Ip; Chipo Kachiwala; Håvard Hovdhaugen; Liveness J. Banda; Moses Limuwa; Peter C. Wynn; Tormod Ådnøy; Lars Olav Eik. 2021. "Diversity of Sources of Income for Smallholder Farming Communities in Malawi: Importance for Improved Livelihood." Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9599.

Journal article
Published: 09 April 2021 in Sustainability
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Valuation of environmental goods and services has an important role to play in the protection and conservation of riverine resources. However, the literature shows a dearth of information regarding factors that influence people’s willingness to pay (WTP) for riverine resources. This research study was undertaken to find out key factors that affect the willingness of people to pay for the conservation of aquatic resources in the lower section of the Linthipe River in Malawi. Data was collected through household interviews, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and contingent valuation (CV) surveys. The study noted that communities were willing to offer $3.51 per year for the conservation of aquatic resources in the river. This study established that the people’s WTP is a function of education level, household usage of the goods and services, community support in the management of the resources, household income, and distance of the household from the river ecosystem. The study further discovered that the pay-out level of the users along the Linthipe River was driven by household usage of resources from the river, period of stay in the area, and level of household income. Our recommendation is that government and development partners should popularize the important role played by rivers and streams to surrounding communities and beyond to appeal for more support from users. The authorities must further empower the communities along the rivers and streams to sustainably manage the aquatic resources for the continued appreciation of aquatic resources by future generations.

ACS Style

Gladys Chigamba; Moses Limuwa; Emmanuel Kaunda. Does Paying for Aquatic Resources Matter? A Case of an African Riverine Ecosystem. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4177 .

AMA Style

Gladys Chigamba, Moses Limuwa, Emmanuel Kaunda. Does Paying for Aquatic Resources Matter? A Case of an African Riverine Ecosystem. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4177.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gladys Chigamba; Moses Limuwa; Emmanuel Kaunda. 2021. "Does Paying for Aquatic Resources Matter? A Case of an African Riverine Ecosystem." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4177.

Chapter
Published: 18 March 2020 in Climate Impacts on Agricultural and Natural Resource Sustainability in Africa
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This study develops and analyses a conflict resolution model surrounding the rejection of a climate-smart fisheries technologies project in Chipala village, Nkhotakota district, Malawi. Solar tent driers and improved smoking kilns were introduced by the SEED Fish project in Chipala and Vinthenga villages. However, the technologies are not in use in Chipala due to conflicts among the different stakeholders involved. Qualitative approaches were used to collect and analyse data from different stakeholders within the district’s decentralised structures. The targeted participants were involved in the planning and implementation of the SEED Fish project. The community scorecard (CSC) is an accountability tool used between service providers and service users and was adapted as a conflict resolution model to facilitate discussions on the roles that different stakeholders played in the run – up to the failure of the project. The resolution, in form of an action plan between the two parties, was made to discuss how the conflicts could have been avoided by jointly designing an ideal project plan that would ensure adoption and sustainable use of the technologies. This study concludes that there was need to incorporate social-cultural and social-political factors in planning and implementation, for it is the failure to incorporate these factors that led to and perpetuated existing conflicts in the study area. The recognition and involvement of fish processors was appreciated by the community and implementers as central for the success of such innovations and avoiding conflicts. Involving and reinforcing of decentralised structures not only reduces the risk of conflict but also contributes to the success of co-management of natural resources. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of how to resolve conflicts while contributing towards good governance and sustainable development processes.

ACS Style

Fundi Wandisunga Kayamba-Phiri; Moses M. Limuwa; Trond Storebakken. Of ‘White Elephant’ in Fisheries: A Conflict Resolution Model Around the Usage of Climate-Smart Fish Postharvest Technologies in Lake Malawi. Climate Impacts on Agricultural and Natural Resource Sustainability in Africa 2020, 313 -327.

AMA Style

Fundi Wandisunga Kayamba-Phiri, Moses M. Limuwa, Trond Storebakken. Of ‘White Elephant’ in Fisheries: A Conflict Resolution Model Around the Usage of Climate-Smart Fish Postharvest Technologies in Lake Malawi. Climate Impacts on Agricultural and Natural Resource Sustainability in Africa. 2020; ():313-327.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fundi Wandisunga Kayamba-Phiri; Moses M. Limuwa; Trond Storebakken. 2020. "Of ‘White Elephant’ in Fisheries: A Conflict Resolution Model Around the Usage of Climate-Smart Fish Postharvest Technologies in Lake Malawi." Climate Impacts on Agricultural and Natural Resource Sustainability in Africa , no. : 313-327.

Journal article
Published: 31 August 2018 in African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development
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ACS Style

Moses M Limuwa; G Synnevåg. A gendered perspective on the fish value chain, livelihood patterns and coping strategies under climate change - insights from Malawi’s small-scale fisheries. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 2018, 18, 13527 -13546.

AMA Style

Moses M Limuwa, G Synnevåg. A gendered perspective on the fish value chain, livelihood patterns and coping strategies under climate change - insights from Malawi’s small-scale fisheries. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development. 2018; 18 (2):13527-13546.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Moses M Limuwa; G Synnevåg. 2018. "A gendered perspective on the fish value chain, livelihood patterns and coping strategies under climate change - insights from Malawi’s small-scale fisheries." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 18, no. 2: 13527-13546.

Journal article
Published: 07 May 2018 in Sustainability
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Global environmental changes have negatively affected many food systems while the demand for food has continued to rise. An urgent need exists to identify other sustainable means of producing food. This is a case in Malawi, where capture fisheries and agriculture are not supplying sufficient food. Fish farming food systems by communities who rely on inland fisheries have not been evaluated. Therefore, a study was conducted in two phases: January 2016 to May 2016 and in July 2017 to evaluate if fish farming could sustainably support livelihoods of Lake Malawi riparian communities. We used mixed methods to collect and analyze data. The data collection methods included explorative surveys, household survey interviews, focus group discussion and key informant interviews. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis for themes. This identified themes that were quantitatively analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. We observed that fish farming was dominated by men and also not the main occupation for the respondents despite owning fishponds. The respondents have water and land, which are prerequisite for any farming. The study also observed fish farming production challenges related to quality fingerlings, formulated diets, and extension services. Cases of food insecurity amongst the respondents were also prevalent due to lack of food to cover the entire year. Weak synergies existed between fish farming and agriculture restricting bio-resource flow and water usage between these two food systems, meaning the outcomes of the food systems provide unsustainable diets. Furthermore, water availability, money spent on food, and cassava cropping increased fish farming participation. Whereas operating a bicycle taxi, casual labor, former fish farming, as well as application of agricultural wastes negatively affected fish farming. On the other hand, extreme weather events (increased incidences of droughts and floods) attributed to inter annual rainfall variation also negatively affected fish farming. The responses from Lake Malawi riparian communities indicate that they merely look upon fish farming as an alternative to capture fisheries than as an illusion. Nonetheless, the research provides a theoretical platform to explore the potential to develop sustainable fish farming food system adapted to such changes. Therefore, we have brought new evidence that progress of fish farming in Malawi is being made, but there is a long way to go before it can be considered successful and sustainable.

ACS Style

Moses Majid Limuwa; Wales Singini; Trond Storebakken. Is Fish Farming an Illusion for Lake Malawi Riparian Communities under Environmental Changes? Sustainability 2018, 10, 1453 .

AMA Style

Moses Majid Limuwa, Wales Singini, Trond Storebakken. Is Fish Farming an Illusion for Lake Malawi Riparian Communities under Environmental Changes? Sustainability. 2018; 10 (5):1453.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Moses Majid Limuwa; Wales Singini; Trond Storebakken. 2018. "Is Fish Farming an Illusion for Lake Malawi Riparian Communities under Environmental Changes?" Sustainability 10, no. 5: 1453.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2018 in Climate
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The effects of climate change have negatively affected Malawi’s agricultural production. In this context, fisheries have been providing alternative livelihoods. However, there is a knowledge gap around the responses of small-scale fishers to climate-related changes. Therefore, a study was conducted on the Western shores of Lake Malawi between August 2015 and April 2016. The study evaluated the perceived effects of climate change on small-scale fishers and their coping strategies by employing a wide range of methods for data collection and analysis. The study used explorative surveys, household surveys, focus group discussions and key informant interviews to collect data. The study randomly sampled 112 household heads who owned either fishing gear or a fishing vessel or both. Content analysis for themes was used to analyse the qualitative data. The Mann–Kendal Test was used to analyse trends in meteorological data, and binary logistic regression was used to determine factors that influence coping with low fish catches. Despite the respondents noticing an increased incidence of extreme weather events and low fish catches, their perceptions could not be validated using time series meteorological data. However, such perceptions were influenced by experience from long-time exposure to extreme weather events and to low fish catches. The majority of the fishers had adjusted to these changes by increasing their fishing time, using highly efficient illegal fishing nets, expanding farming land, operating small businesses and undertaking casual labour in agriculture and fishing activities. The fishers’ propensity to adjust to these changes increased due to the presence of the following factors: older age of household head, higher education level, being married and having an annual income. In contrast, being a member of fish conservation club decreased the probability of adjusting. This study emphasizes the need to be cautious when defining and framing perceptions of local communities on extreme weather events as data obtained could be misleading. Furthermore, a multi-sectoral approach to balance sustainable livelihoods and management of fisheries is needed. These findings provide theoretical and practical lessons that can inform design, planning and implementation of policies that enhance adaptive capacity in fisheries and promote sustainable livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa.

ACS Style

Moses Majid Limuwa; Bishal Kumar Sitaula; Friday Njaya; Trond Storebakken. Evaluation of Small-Scale Fishers’ Perceptions on Climate Change and Their Coping Strategies: Insights from Lake Malawi. Climate 2018, 6, 34 .

AMA Style

Moses Majid Limuwa, Bishal Kumar Sitaula, Friday Njaya, Trond Storebakken. Evaluation of Small-Scale Fishers’ Perceptions on Climate Change and Their Coping Strategies: Insights from Lake Malawi. Climate. 2018; 6 (2):34.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Moses Majid Limuwa; Bishal Kumar Sitaula; Friday Njaya; Trond Storebakken. 2018. "Evaluation of Small-Scale Fishers’ Perceptions on Climate Change and Their Coping Strategies: Insights from Lake Malawi." Climate 6, no. 2: 34.