The present study focuses on the environmental and health risks associated with the use of treated wastewater produced from Al-Rustamia third extension plant for irrigation. The measured data are used to evaluate comprehensive pollution index (CPI) and organic pollution index (OPI). The average CPI was found as 0.69 which indicated to be slightly polluted for all seasons and a similar result was also obtained with OPI, which is found to slightly vary in the range 1.29–1.60 which indicates as being to be contaminated. Also to evaluate its suitability for irrigation purposes, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) were calculated following standard equations and found experimentally as (8.70), (74.76) and (2.68) respectively. Irrigation water classes are used for Salinity hazard (EC) and Sodium hazard (SAR) to assess water suitability for irrigation, and it is found that samples in summer and autumn in the class of C3-S1, indicate high salinity and low sodium water, while in spring and winter in the class of C4-S1, they indicate very high-salinity. Furthermore, the data indicate a slight to moderate degree of restriction on the use of this treated wastewater in irrigation due to chloride hazard. RSC value is more than 1.25 at all seasons, indicating that samples in summer and autumn are doubtful for irrigation purposes, while the samples in spring and winter are unsuitable for irrigation

Corrosion inhibitory effects of new synthesized compound namely 5,5'- ((1Z,1'Z)-(1,4-phenylenebis(methanylylidene))bis(azanylylidene))bis(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol) (PBB) on mild steel in 1.0 M HCl was investigated at different temperatures using open circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Results showed that PBB inhibited mild steel corrosion in acid solution and indicated that the inhibition efficiencies increased with the concentration of inhibitor, but decreased proportionally with temperature. Changes in impedance parameters suggested the adsorption of PBB on the mild steel surface, leading to the formation of protective films.

Background: The majority of well-known inhibitors are organic compounds containing multiple bonds and heteroatoms, such as O, N or S, which allow adsorption onto the metal surface. These compounds can adsorb onto the metal surface and block active surface sites, reducing the rate of corrosion.Results: A comparative theoretical study of three benzimidazole isomers, benzimidazole (BI), 2-methylbenzimidazole (2-CH₃-BI), and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (2-SH-BI), as corrosion inhibitors was performed using density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional basis set.Conclusions: Nitro and amino groups were selected for investigation as substituents of the three corrosion inhibitors. Nitration of the corrosion inhibitor molecules led to a decrease in inhibition efficiency, while reduction of the nitro group led to an increase in inhibition efficiency. These aminobenzimidazole isomers represent a significant improvement in the inhibition efficiency of corrosion inhibitor molecules.

In view of the continuously rising environmental problems and the increasing energy demand worldwide in general, the utilization of sustainable renewable energy and treatment methods have become a scientific and industrial move in the last few years. One of the most important energy sources, biomass constitute a precious source. The sustainable conversion of biomass products and the use of different agricultural and forestry-derived residues can play an important role in reducing pollution in many phases. Date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. is one of the most important fruit trees that is found in tropical, sub-tropical and arid regions of the world precisely those stretching from North Africa to the Middle East. There are about 120 million date palm trees in the world where each date tree generates around 20 kilograms of dry leaves annually while date pits account for almost 10% of date fruits. A varied range of physicochemical, biochemical and thermal technologies has been applied for sustainable application of date palm biomass. The present review elucidates the possible use of date palm waste and the efforts so far made in both producing biochar and its use in different treatment processes. The review also defines the future required solutions for the date palm waste problems.

Water quality index (WQI), pollution index (PI), and metal index (MI) were applied in the last reach of Diyala River, Baghdad, Iraq with regard to ten heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ag, and Cn). These indices were applied to historical data along with the data obtained from the present study in order to acquire a historical heavy metal assessment of the river reach. The results of WQI showed that the water quality of the reach of interest declined from excellent in the year of 1999 to unsuitable in 2007 then good in 2008 to unsuitable once again in the years of 2009–2015. The PI indicated that Cd, Cr, and Pb were the most affecting elements all over the years. The MI was found to be a threshold of warning during all years but with different levels. The impact of Al-Rustimiyah Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) on the water quality was evident due to the lack of heavy metal treatment units within the plants. It is recommended to add such units to the WWTPs and to reduce the local electricity generators that contribute with great amounts of contaminants.