Doxorubicin is widely used anticancer drug; however, use of doxorubicin is limited. Under externally applied magnetic field, magnetic agents can help to transport drug directly to tumor. Folate receptor is overexpressed in ovarian carcinomas. In this study, we aimed to develop magnetically responsive and folate receptor-targeted biomimetic drug delivery system for ovarian cancer therapy. Doxorubicin-loaded and glucose/gluconic acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized and erythrocyte membrane vesicles were used for coating of nanoparticles. Folate ligand was anchored to surface so as to target receptor. Hydrodynamic size of nanocarrier was found as 91.2 ± 20.8 nm. The results showed that delivery system has controlled drug release profile and biocompatible features. In folate-free medium, folate receptor-targeted nanocarrier showed 10.33-fold lower IC₅₀ values for A2780 cells and 3.93-fold lower for OVCAR3 cells compared to non-targeted nanoparticles and demonstrated more cytotoxicity against ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, magnetically and folate receptor-targeted doxorubicin delivery system was significantly more effective for therapy of xenografted nude mice than free doxorubicin based on tumor shrinkages and biochemical parameters. In conclusion, it can be suggested that folate ligand-attached and biomimetically designed magnetic drug delivery system have advantages and potential for targeted ovarian cancer therapy. Graphical Abstract

Iron oxide nanoparticles coated with gelatin trough two-step desolvation method and characterized. SEM analyse showed that the nanoparticles are spherical and TEM image showed that the iron oxide nanoparticles encapsulated with gelatin. Also FTIR, TG and magnetization analyses exhibited that iron oxide nanoparticles encapsulated as well. Drug loading by adsorption studied under various conditions as different temperature, contact time and initial cisplatin concentration. Also, Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Raduskevich adsorption isotherm curves were constracted and constants were calculated. In vitro drug release was performed at pH 5 and 7.4 and hyperthermic drug release investigated at 42°C and compared with non-hyperthermic drug release.

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were coated with gelatin type B by means of the two-step desolvation method. Drug loading by adsorption was studied under various conditions such as different temperature, contact time, pH, and initial gemcitabine concentration. Further, Langmuir isotherm curves were constracted and constants were calculated. According to the Langmuir isotherm, the Gibbs free energy of the adsorption process at 25°C was − 4.74 kJ/mol. On the other hand, this value at 37°C was − 7.86 kJ/mol. In vitro drug release was performed at pH levels of 5 and 7.4, with gemcitabine-loaded magnetic gelatin nanoparticles and free gemcitabine, and both the results were subsequently compared.

One of the most important classes of pollutants is dyes, and today there are more than 100,000 commercial dyes. Conventional treatment processes are very expensive, so it is essential to develop low-cost sorbent materials with high adsorption capacities. The aim of this study is to prepare magnetic microsized adsorbents that have high adsorption capacity for removal of direct red 23. Through this objective, glutaraldehyde cross-linked magnetic chitosan beads were formed in order to remove the textile dye direct red 23. Barium ferrite was used to give a magnetic property so that the beads could easily be separated from the water after treatment. The effects of barium ferrite, pH, incubation time, dye concentration, and glutaraldehyde amounts were investigated. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms. The adsorption capacity had a very large value: 1250 mg/g at pH 4.0, at room temperature. Compared with activated carbon, magnetic cross-linked chitosan exhibits excellent performance in the adsorption of anionic dyes and the magnetic properties of beads enable us to remove the beads from the water after treatment. Pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models were applied.