Chitosan, a versatile biopolymer derived from chitin, has garnered significant attention in various biomedical applications due to its unique properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mucoadhesiveness. This review provides an overview of the diverse applications of chitosan and its derivatives in the antibacterial, anticancer, wound healing, and tissue engineering fields. In antibacterial applications, chitosan exhibits potent antimicrobial properties by disrupting microbial membranes and DNA, making it a promising natural preservative and agent against bacterial infections. Its role in cancer therapy involves the development of chitosan-based nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimising side effects. Chitosan also plays a crucial role in wound healing by promoting cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and regulating inflammatory responses. Additionally, chitosan serves as a multifunctional scaffold in tissue engineering, facilitating the regeneration of diverse tissues such as cartilage, bone, and neural tissue by promoting cell adhesion and proliferation. The extensive range of applications for chitosan in pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences is not only highlighted by the comprehensive scope of this review, but it also establishes it as a fundamental component for forthcoming research in biomedicine.

Asiaticoside (AC) is a naturally occurring phytoconstituent that aids in wound healing by stimulating collagen biosynthesis. However, the physical properties of AC, such as its high molecular weight (959.12 g mol⁻¹), poor water solubility, and low permeability, restrict its therapeutic benefits. Additionally, the management of inflammation and angiogenesis in wound healing using AC-loaded wound dressings can be challenging in terms of its delivery across the skin layers. These challenges can be rectified by utilizing nanotechnology. The concept of nanotechnology is widely utilized in dermatology to boost the therapeutic efficacy of the entrapped drug. The AC-loaded nano-carriers deliver the drug at their target site in order to increase their efficacy, stability, and safety. These carriers efficiently distribute the loaded drug to the different skin layers. The current review focuses on the limitations associated with the topical administration of asiaticoside and the many initiatives made so far for effective and safe topical delivery using innovative constituents and techniques, along with other potential benefits of AC in wound healing, diabetes, inflammation, and depression.

Background: Burn injury is considered one of the critical injuries of the skin. According to WHO (World Health Organization), approximately 3,00,000 deaths are caused each year mainly due to fire burns, with additional deaths attributed to heat and other causes of burn e.g., electric devices, chemical materials, radioactive rays, etc. More than 95% of burn injuries occur in developing countries.Introduction: Burn injuries have been a prominent topic of discussion in this present era of advancements. Burns is one of the common and devastating forms of trauma. Burn injuries are involved in causing severe damage to skin tissues and various other body parts triggered particularly by fire, blaze, or exposure to chemicals and heated substances. They leave a long-lasting negative impact on the patients in terms of their physical and mental health.Method: The various methods and bioactive hydrogels, a viable and widely utilised approach for treating chronic wounds, remain a bottleneck. Many traditional approaches such as woven material, conventional antimicrobial agents, hydrogel sheets, and creams are utilised in wound healing. Nowadays, lipid-based nanoparticles, nanofibres systems, and foam-based formulations heal the wound.Result: The prepared formulation showed wound healing activity when tested on rat model. The nanofibres containing SSD help in the burn-wound healing study on Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The healing effect on rats was examined by western blot analysis, digital camera observation, and histological analyses.Conclusion: Burn is also considered the most grievous form of trauma. Nowadays, several large and foambased formulations are used in wound healing, which heals the wound better than previously existing formulations and is less prone to secondary infection. Recently, nanofiber delivery systems have piqued the interest of academics as well as researchers because of its unique advantages and features, which include an extraordinarily high surface to volume ratio, a highly porous structure, and tiny pore size.

Background: Micronutrients play a vital role in the maintenance and proper functioning of body tissues. Micronutrients broadly consist of minerals and vitamins. These vitamins and minerals are of supreme importance in the treatment of an eclectic variety of diseases and are obligatory for many metabolic processes.Objective: The objective of this review is to give a comprehensive overview on the role of micronutrients in the treatment of broad-spectrum diseases and also give insightful knowledge regarding the numerous food sources for obtaining nutrients, their dietary reference values, and their deficiencies. In this review, the authors have also highlighted the role of micronutrients in COVID- 19.Findings: A properly balanced diet provides an acceptable amount of nutrients in the body. Deficiency and excessive nutrients in an individual’s diet may cause diseases or abnormal conditions. An improper diet may be responsible for the occurrence of deficiencies in iron, calcium, and iodine. Minerals like iron, boron, calcium, cobalt, phosphorous, and vitamins like K, E, A, D, and Riboflavin can cure and treat fatal diseases like Alzheimer’s, bone development conditions, osteoporosis, anemia, inflammatory bowel, and HIV Infections.Conclusion: Micronutrients are essential for metabolism and tissue function. Sufficient consumption is thus required, but providing additional supplements to persons who do not require them may be detrimental. Large-scale studies of varied micronutrient dosages with accurate outcome indicators are needed to optimize intakes in different patient groups and the general population at large. In this review, the authors have highlighted the crucial role of micronutrients in health and disease.