The cardiovascular system is a complex and well-organized system in which glycosylation plays a vital role. The heart and vascular wall cells are constituted by an array of specific receptors; most of them are N- glycosylated and mucin-type O-glycosylated. There are also intracellular signaling pathways regulated by different post-translational modifications, including O-GlcNAcylation, which promote adequate responses to extracellular stimuli and signaling transduction. Herein, we provide an overview of N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation, including O-GlcNAcylation, and their role at different levels such as reception of signal, signal transduction, and exogenous molecules or agonists, which stimulate the heart and vascular wall cells with effects in different conditions, like the physiological status, ischemia/reperfusion, exercise, or during low-grade inflammation in diabetes and aging. Furthermore, mutations of glycosyltransferases and receptors are associated with development of cardiovascular diseases. The knowledge on glycosylation and its effects could be considered biochemical markers and might be useful as a therapeutic tool to control cardiovascular diseases.

CD36 is a type 2 cell surface scavenger receptor expressed in various tissues. In macrophages, CD36 recognizes oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), which promotes the formation of foam cells, the first step toward an atherosclerotic arterial lesion. CD36 possesses a variety of posttranslational modifications, among them N-glycosylation and O-GlcNAc modification. Some of the roles of these modifications on CD36 are known, such as N-linked glycosylation, which provides proper folding and trafficking to the plasma membrane in the human embryonic kidney. This study aimed to determine whether variations in the availability of UDP-GlcNAc could impact Rab-5-mediated endocytic trafficking and, therefore, the cellular localization of CD36. These preliminary results suggest that the availability of the substrate UDP-GlcNAc, modulated in response to treatment with Thiamet G (TMG), OSMI-1 (O-GlcNAcylation enzymes modulators) or Azaserine (HBP modulator), influences the localization of CD36 in J774 macrophages, and the endocytic trafficking as evidenced by the regulatory protein Rab-5, between the plasma membrane and the cytoplasm.

Background: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a developmental odontogenic cyst characterized by aggressive behavior, infiltrative growth, and a high recurrence rate. Large mandibular lesions frequently involve critical anatomical structures, posing a therapeutic challenge and often leading to aggressive surgical approaches with significant morbidity. Conservative strategies aimed at reducing lesion size while preserving anatomical integrity have become increasingly relevant in clinical practice. Case presentation: This report describes two female patients, aged 22 and 55 years, presenting with large multilocular radiolucent lesions involving the mandibular body and ascending ramus. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of OKC in both cases. A conservative treatment protocol based on cystic decompression was implemented, followed by simple enucleation in one case. Clinical and radiographic follow-up demonstrated progressive reduction in the lesions and bone regeneration. In one patient, histopathological analysis after enucleation revealed replacement of the original parakeratinized epithelial lining by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Recurrence was observed in one case during follow-up, highlighting the need for prolonged monitoring. Discussion: Decompression reduced intracystic pressure, facilitated bone regeneration, and minimized the need for radical surgical intervention. This approach preserved anatomical structures and reduced treatment-associated morbidity. The observed recurrence underscores the importance of individualized treatment planning and long-term follow-up. Conclusion: Conservative management with decompression, with or without subsequent enucleation, is a viable approach for large mandibular OKCs. Careful case selection and prolonged follow-up are essential to optimize clinical outcomes and detect potential recurrence.