Accurate real-time classification of fluorescently labelled maize kernels is important for the industrial application of its advanced breeding techniques. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a real-time classification device and recognition algorithm for fluorescently labelled maize kernels. In this study, a machine vision (MV) system capable of identifying fluorescent maize kernels in real time was designed using a fluorescent protein excitation light source and a filter to achieve optimal detection. A high-precision method for identifying fluorescent maize kernels based on a YOLOv5s convolutional neural network (CNN) was developed. The kernel sorting effects of the improved YOLOv5s model, as well as other YOLO models, were analysed and compared. The results show that using a yellow LED light as an excitation light source combined with an industrial camera filter with a central wavelength of 645 nm achieves the best recognition effect for fluorescent maize kernels. Using the improved YOLOv5s algorithm can increase the recognition accuracy of fluorescent maize kernels to 96%. This study provides a feasible technical solution for the high-precision, real-time classification of fluorescent maize kernels and has universal technical value for the efficient identification and classification of various fluorescently labelled plant seeds.

The snake-like robot is a limbless bionic robot widely used in unstructured environments to perform tasks with substantial functional flexibility and environmental adaptability in complex environments. In this paper, the spiral climbing motion of a snake-like robot on the outer surface of a cylindrical object was studied based on the three-dimensional motion of a biological snake, and we carried out the analysis and optimization of the motion-influencing factors. First, the spiral climbing motion of the snake-like robot was implemented by the angle control method, and the target motion was studied and analyzed by combining numerical and environmental simulations. We integrated the influence of kinematics and dynamics factors on the spiral climbing motion. Based on this, we established a multi-objective optimization function that utilized the influence factors to optimize the joint module. In addition, through dynamics simulation analysis, the change of the general clamping force of the snake-like robot’s spiral climbing motion was transformed into the analysis of the contact force between the joint module and the cylinder. On the basis of the results, the effect of the control strategy adopted in this paper on the motion and change rule of the spiral climbing motion was analyzed. This paper presents the analysis of the spiral climbing motion, which is of great theoretical significance and engineering value for the realization of the three-dimensional motion of the snake-like robot.

With the continuous improvement in the strength of medium-thick plate materials, the hot straightening of plates at high temperatures is increasingly influencing the final defect characteristics of products. In the high-temperature hot straightening process, the temperature and straightening speed of the plate significantly influence its intrinsic material properties, which, in turn, affect the straightening characteristics of the plate. However, most current material models used in the straightening process do not consider the relationship between temperature and strain rate, which leads to an inaccurate characterization of the actual material structure. Additionally, the continuous reverse bending mechanics model for straightening does not account for the impact of different bending strain rates on the bending characteristics of the plate in the thickness direction. In this study, a numerical calculation method was employed to investigate the evolution process of stress and curvature in the roll-type hot straightening process of medium-thick plates. Experimental data and mathematical methods were utilized to develop a viscous plastic material model that accounted for temperature and strain rate. Furthermore, a cross-sectional continuous reverse bending model was established, taking into account the temperature and straightening speed, enabling a reasonable interpretation of the mechanical parameter behaviors of medium-thick plates during high-temperature straightening.

Multilayer egg-box structures can efficiently combine various forms of gradient structures by adjusting the stacking mode of different egg-box veneers. To analyze the equivalent stiffness of a gradient egg-box structure, we propose two feasible stacking combination modes. Subsequently, using the unit-cell finite element method, we establish an efficient solution model for the equivalent stiffness of the structure and discuss the effects of different structural parameters upon the model. Finally, we construct an optimization model for the equivalent stiffness of the structure and optimize the structural parameters of its macroscopic stiffness characteristics.