This highlight provides a brief history of artemisinin in its journey from being a natural product to drug, as well as the continuous efforts to improve ACTs with better efficacy against the parasites, which have prolonged life cycles.

Sinomenine is the main component of the vine Sinomenium acutum. It was first isolated in the early 1920s and has since attracted special interest as a potential anti-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) agent, owing to its successful application in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of neuralgia and rheumatoid diseases. In the past few decades, significant advances have broadened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which sinomenine treats RA, as well as the structural modifications necessary for improved pharmacological activity. In this review, we summarize up-to-date reports on the pharmacological properties of sinomenine in RA treatment, document their underlying mechanisms, and provide an overview of promising sinomenine derivatives as potential RA drug therapies.

Two potential non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) were identified in the genome of a guanophilic fungus Amphichorda guana by bioinformatics analysis and gene knockout experiments. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) guided isolation led to the discovery of a new cyclodepsipeptide isaridin H (1) and seven known analogs, desmethylisaridin E (2), isaridin E (3), isariin A (4), iso-isariin B (5), iso-isariin D (6), isariin E (7), and nodupetide (8). The absolute configuration of isaridin H (1) was achieved by Marfey's method. Isaridin H (1) showed significant antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani.