Background: More is to be explored between dietary patterns and sleep quality in the Chinese adult population. Methods: A cross-sectional study including 7987 Shanghai suburban adults aged 20–74 years was conducted. Dietary information was obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Adherence to a priori dietary patterns, such as the Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and Mediterranean diet (MD), was assessed. Sleep quality was assessed from self-reported responses to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Logistic regression models adjusting for confounders were employed to examine the associations. Results: The overall prevalence of poor sleep (PSQI score ≥ 5) was 28.46%. Factor analysis demonstrated four a posteriori dietary patterns. Participants with a higher CHEI (OR_{Q4 vs. Q1}: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.70–0.95), DASH (OR_{Q4 vs. Q1}: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.60–0.82) or MD (OR_{Q4 vs. Q1}: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.64–0.87) had a lower poor sleep prevalence, while participants with a higher “Beverages” score had a higher poor sleep prevalence (OR_{Q4 vs. Q1}: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02–1.27). Conclusions: In Shanghai suburban adults, healthier dietary patterns and lower consumption of beverages were associated with better sleep quality.

Background: As the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, the natural history of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in general population is barely reported.Methods: The Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank study recruited 36,404 adults between 2016 and 2017, and followed up 25,085 participants between 2019 and 2023 in Songjiang District. A questionnaire survey was conducted by face-to-face interview, and physical examination and laboratory tests were conducted. MASLD was diagnosed by liver ultrasound and the cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF).Results: A total of 36,122 and 21,831 participants met the criteria for baseline and follow-up analyses. The prevalence of MASLD at baseline was 36.8% overall, and 73.6% among those with a BMI over 28 kg/m2. After a median follow-up time of 4.26 years, the incidence density for MASLD was 8.4, and the recovery density was 11.4 per 100 person-years overall, and was 20.0 and 8.4 per 100 person-years for those with baseline BMI over 28 kg/m2. Per 1 kg/m2 increase in baseline BMI was associated with an 15% increase in incidence (HR=1.15, 95%CI: 1.14-1.17) and an 8% decrease in recovery (HR=0.92, 95%CI: 0.90-0.93). From baseline to follow-up visit, participants who remained non-obese, or remained normal cardiometabolic status always showed the lowest incidence and the highest recovery rate, followed by those with improved status.Conclusions: The prevalence and incidence of MASLD were high among Shanghai residents, and active recovery was also observed. Obesity was the most important risk factor, and weight loss and lipid level reduction were beneficial for preventing or reversing MASLD.

There have been few prospective studies on the association between serum uric acid (SUA) and the risk of diabetes in women, and there have been few large-scale Chinese studies based on menopause to investigate the association. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the above relationship in Chinese female adults without diabetes. Methods: Data from 5743 premenopausal women and 11,287 postmenopausal women aged 20–74 years were obtained from the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank (SSACB) study conducted in China. Cox regression models were applied to evaluate the association between SUA levels and the risk of diabetes. Restricted cubic spline analysis and stratified analysis on the basis of menopausal status were performed to explore the dose–response association between SUA levels and diabetes. Results: Among 17,030 participants, incidence rates of diabetes were 3.44/1000 person-years in premenopausal and 8.90/1000 person-years in postmenopausal women. The SUA levels in postmenopausal women were higher than that in premenopausal women (p < 0.0001). In Cox regression analysis, after adjusting for confounding factors, for each 10 µmol/L increase in SUA levels, the adjusted HR of diabetes was 1.01 (95% CI: 0.97–1.04) in postmenopausal women, and 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01–1.04) in premenopausal women. Compared with the lowest quartile of SUA levels, the HR (95% CI) of diabetes in the highest quartile was 0.99 (0.55–1.79) in premenopausal women and 1.39 (1.07–1.81) in postmenopausal women. Compared with those without hyperuricemia, the HR (95% CI) for diabetes was 1.89 (0.67–5.31) in premenopausal women with hyperuricemia, and 1.55 (1.19–2.02) in postmenopausal women. Moreover, restricted cubic splines models showed that there was a linear relationship between SUA levels and diabetes risk in premenopausal (p for nonlinear = 0.99) and postmenopausal women (p for nonlinear = 0.95). Furthermore, the restricted cubic spline graph showed that the risk of diabetes in postmenopausal women increased with an increase in SUA levels (p = 0.002). Conclusions: In a cohort of Chinese adult women, SUA levels are associated with diabetes risk in postmenopausal women, but this association was not observed in premenopausal women.