Now a day’s metal matrix components are used in may industries and it finds the applications in many fields so, to make it as better performable materials. So, the need to increase the mechanical properties of the composites is there. As seen from previous studies major problem faced by the MMC’s are wetting, interface bonding between reinforcement and matrix material while they are prepared by conventional methods like stir casting, squeeze casting and other techniques which uses liquid molten metals. So many researchers adopt PM to eliminate these defects and to increase the mechanical properties of the composites. Powder metallurgy is one of the better ways to prepare composites and Nano composites. And the major problem faced by the conventional methods are uniform distribution of the reinforcement particles in the matrix alloy, many researchers tried to homogeneously dispersion of reinforcements in matrix but they find it difficult through conventional methods, among all they find ultrasonic dispersion is efficient. This review article is mainly concentrated on importance of powder metallurgy in homogeneous distribution of reinforcement in matrix by ball milling or mechanical milling and how powder metallurgy improves the mechanical properties of the composites.

The present work reviews the laser cladding process as a repairing technique and the conventional repairing techniques and different heat source models. In this review work, the authors have tried to address the various traditional methods studied for repairing and surface modification. The dominantly used heat source model for numerical modelling of the repairing techniques and the mechanism of the laser cladding process, along with its advantages over the conventional repairing techniques, is also reviewed. This paper also focuses on the predominantly used laser of high power for the cladding process and the effect of process parameters on the quality of the clad layer. The different materials used as clad materials for repairing purposes during the laser cladding process have also been discussed briefly. In this paper, the authors have surveyed literature from different regions of the globe and considered the literature since 1969. This review discusses the various conventional repairing techniques used for repairing, heat source model, process parameters, and different materials used in the laser cladding process. The authors have also briefed the advantages, disadvantages, and application in each of the sections. The use of laser cladding for in-situ repairing process, development of a precise model, use of low-power laser, and application of laser cladding for actual engineering components was also considered in future research work.