This research studied the effectiveness of the simulation-based learning assisted with scaffolding approach to address students’ misconceptions (MCs) about projectile motion. The five MCs were related to the direction of the force acting on an object (MC1), the acceleration of an object at the top of the trajectory (MC2), the directions of velocity and acceleration during projectile motion (MC3), the time of flight of objects (MC4), and the relationship between the range of projectile motion and angle of projection (MC5). This study was a pre-experimental design using both quantitative and qualitative data. The sample comprised 35 tenth-grade Thai high school students who were chosen using the cluster sampling technique. The teaching method consisted of three steps: a briefing, simulation, and debriefing. Each step was assisted with scaffolding to guide and help the students. The MCs tests consisted of five multiple-choice questions with a four-tier diagnostic test, and the tests were used as a pre-test, end-of-class test, and end-of-topic test. Six semi-structured interview questions were used to obtain in-depth data. The results indicated that MC1, MC2, MC3, MC4, and MC5 were addressed by 11.1%, 85.7%, 57.2%, 57.2%, and 61.5%, respectively, at the end-of-topic test. Students who had MCs in the pre-test changed their understanding of the concepts in MC2, MC3, MC4, and MC5 by 57.1%, 14.3%, 28.6%, and 53.8%, respectively. None of the MC students in MC1 understood the concept at the end-of-topic test. Nevertheless, the overall results showed increased students’ understanding of all conceptions.

The various types of the non-standard Lagrangian can be added to the standard Lagrangian with the invariant of the equation of motion in the low energy limit. In this paper, we construct the multiplicative Lagrangian of a complex scalar field giving the approximated Klein-Gordon equation from the inverse problem of the calculus of variation. Then, this multiplicative Lagrangian with arbitrary high cutoff is applied to the toy model of the Higgs mechanism in U(1)-gauge symmetry in order to study the simple effects in the Higgs physics. We show that, after spontaneous symmetry breaking happens, the Higgs vev is free from the Fermi-coupling constant and the Higgs field gets the natural cutoff in TeV scale. The other relevant coupling constants, the UV-sensitivity of Higgs mass due to the loop correction, some applications on the strong CP problem as well as anomalous small fermion mass, and the cosmological constant problem are also discussed.

We investigate the dynamics of the spatial entanglement between two initially independent walkers that perform discrete-time quantum walk with respect to symmetric and anti-symmetric initial coin states. By considering the symmetry associated with the setting and post-selecting the states of the two coins accordingly, we show that, for the anti-symmetric initial coin state, the entanglement corresponding to all the anti-symmetric results are always constant, while that corresponding to the symmetric result is underdamped-like with period of oscillation ($T$) being inversely proportional to the coin operator parameter ($\theta$). The results are the opposite way around for the case of symmetric initial coin states. We also discover that the underdamped-like behaviour of the spatial entanglement show up in the cases of both initial coin states when the post-selected results have no symmetry. Our findings reveal some interesting aspects of symmetry and entanglement dynamics in quantum walk, which may be useful for applications in quantum communication and other quantum technology.