Sunspot is an area on photosphere layer which is dark-colored. Sunspot is very important to be researched because sunspot is affected by sunspot numbers, which present the level of solar activity. This research was conducted to make prediction on sunspot numbers using Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) algorithm. The work principle of GRU is similar to Long short-term Memory (LSTM) method: the information from the previous memory is processed through two gates, that is update gate and reset gate, then the output generated will be input for the next process. The purpose of predicting sunspot numbers was to find out the information of sunspot numbers in the future, so that if there is a significant increase in sunspot numbers, it can inform other physical consequences that may be caused. The data used was the data of monthly sunspot numbers obtained from SILSO website. The data division and parameters used were based on the results of the trials resulted in the smallest MAPE value. The smallest MAPE value obtained from the prediction was 7.171% with 70% training data, 30% testing data, 150 hidden layer, 32 batch size, 100 learning rate drop.

The weather anomaly phenomenon that occurs can have some negative impact such as flooding, floods will paralyze the economic activities of the community, transportation activities, damage public infrastructure. In this research forecasting weather parameters as a variable for predicting the amount of rainfall using the ANFIS method and Support Vector Regression (SVR) with the aim to provide information on future weather conditions quickly and accurately. The people can prepare themselves and prepare the equipment needed to deal with it. Rainfall predicted based on synop data such us relative humidity, wind, and temperature. Each parameters must forcasted by using ANFIS and the result used for predict rainfall. Accurate prediction calculated using MSE and RMSE. Predictions of parameters that affect rainfall using the ANFIS method shown that for wind speed predictions having RMSE of 1.975004, temperature predictions have RMSE of 0.742332, and predictions of relative humidity have RMSE of 3.871590. Predicted rainfall based on the data results of the nearest method pre-processing using the Support Vector Regression (SVR) method produces an MSE error value of 0.0928.

This study aims to detect whether patients examined are healthy, Coronavirus positive, or just have pneumonia based on chest X-ray data using Convolutional Neural Network method as feature extraction and Support Vector Machine as a classification method or called Convolutional Support Vector Machine. Experiments carried out were comparing the kernel used, feature selection methods, architecture in feature extraction, and separated classes. Our instrument reached the accuracy of 97.33% in the separation of 3 classes (normal, pneumonia, COVID19) and 100% in the separation of 2 classes, that is (normal, COVID19) and (pneumonia, COVID19), respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the feature selection method can improve gained accuracy ±98%.

cervical cancer is the second deadliest disease for women. To reduce the number of deaths caused by this disease, it is necessary that there is prevention by early detection of cancer. The method used to identify the presence of cervical cancer is to make visual observations that produce image data. However, a visual observation also has weaknesses, so it needs to be done computer-based observation to facilitate early detection. In this study, the computer-based observation method used is preprocessing, followed by a feature extraction process using the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) as a classification method. The best SVM classification results are using the polynomial kernel and GLCM feature extraction with an angle of 450. The accuracy rate obtained is 90%.

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness suffered by working-age adults. The increase in the population diagnosed with DR can be prevented by screening and early treatment of eye damage. This screening process can be conducted by utilizing deep learning techniques. In this study, the detection of DR severity was carried out using the hybrid CNN-DELM method (CDELM). The CNN architectures used were ResNet-18, ResNet-50, ResNet-101, GoogleNet, and DenseNet. The learning outcome features were further classified using the DELM algorithm. The comparison of CNN architecture aimed to find the best CNN architecture for fundus image features extraction. This research also compared the effect of using the kernel function on the performance of DELM in fundus image classification. All experiments using CDELM showed maximum results, with an accuracy of 100% in the DRIVE data and the two-class MESSIDOR data. Meanwhile, the best results obtained in the MESSIDOR 4 class data reached 98.20%. The advantage of the DELM method compared to the conventional CNN method is that the training time duration is much shorter. CNN takes an average of 30 min for training, while the CDELM method takes only an average of 2.5 min. Based on the value of accuracy and duration of training time, the CDELM method had better performance than the conventional CNN method.