The linkage between metal nodes and organic linkers has led to the development of new porous crystalline materials called metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). These have found significant potential applications in different areas such as gas storage and separation, chemical sensing, heterogeneous catalysis, biomedicine, proton conductivity, and others. Overall, MOFs are outstanding candidates for next-generation energy storage devices, and they have recently attracted the greater devotion of the scientific community worldwide. MOFs can be used to enhance the ability of a device to store energy due to their unique morphology, controllable structures, high surface area, and permanent porosity. MOFs are widely used in super capacitors (SCs), metal (Li, Na, and K) ion batteries, and lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) and act as a promising candidate to store energy in an environmentally friendly way. MOFs are also used as efficient materials with better recyclability, efficiency, and capacity retention. In this review, first we summarize the material design, chemical compositions, and physical structure of MOFs and afterward, we highlight the most recent development and understanding in this area, mainly focusing on various practical applications of MOFs in energy storage devices.

Liquid crystal (LCs) is the state of matter that exhibits properties between a conventional liquid and solid crystals. Liquid crystals mainly can be classified into two types: thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals. A thermotropic liquid crystal shows properties that are dependent on temperature conditions. On the other hand in lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs), the amphiphiles are dissolved in a solvent and exhibit liquid crystalline properties in certain concentration ranges. In the literature, lot of reviews have been presented on thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs). But nowadays, swollen liquid crystals (SLCs) have become a much more important area of research because of their easily tunable properties, their stability and versatility of the system. Swollen liquid crystals (SLCs) consist of infinite liquid crystalline non polar cylinders organized on a hexagonal lattice in a polar medium and are prepared with the proper ratios of salted water and non polar solvents with cationic or anionic or non ionic surfactants and co surfactants i.e. water : oil : surfactant : cosurfactant. In this review article, we will briefly discuss the synthesis of swollen liquid crystals (SLCs), factors affecting their stability, different kinds of nanomaterials such as metallic, bimetallic, polymeric nanostructures synthesized inside swollen liquid crystals (SLCs) using different methods and the effect of swollen liquid crystal (SLC) confinement on the final morphology of nanomaterials with their potential applications.

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) with wearable sensor technologies can revolutionize the monitoring and management of various chronic diseases and acute conditions. AI-integrated wearables are categorized by their underlying sensing techniques, such as electrochemical, colorimetric, chemical, optical, and pressure/stain. AI algorithms enhance the efficacy of wearable sensors by offering personalized, continuous supervision and predictive analysis, assisting in time recognition, and optimizing therapeutic modalities. This manuscript explores the recent advances and developments in AI-powered wearable sensing technologies and their use in the management of chronic diseases, including COVID-19, Diabetes, and Cancer. AI-based wearables for heart rate and heart rate variability, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and temperature sensors are reviewed for their potential in managing COVID-19. For Diabetes management, AI-based wearables, including continuous glucose monitoring sensors, AI-driven insulin pumps, and closed-loop systems, are reviewed. The role of AI-based wearables in biomarker tracking and analysis, thermal imaging, and ultrasound device-based sensing for cancer management is reviewed. Ultimately, this report also highlights the current challenges and future directions for developing and deploying AI-integrated wearable sensors with accuracy, scalability, and integration into clinical practice for these critical health conditions.

Solid phase extraction of pollutants requires the adsorbents to have high adsorption capacities, ease of separation and fast adsorption–desorption kinetics. Here we describe the development of magnetically separable adsorbents for dyes based on nanocomposites of polyaniline–iron oxide having a unique rod like morphology of polyaniline in which nanowires of iron oxide are embedded. Polyaniline–iron oxide nanocomposites having unique morphology were synthesized using swollen liquid crystals (SLCs) as soft structure directing agents. The SLCs are formed from a quaternary mixture of aqueous phase, oil phase, surfactant and co-surfactant. Mesophases of aniline or ferric chloride were synthesized by trapping a small amount of aniline in the oil phase or by replacing the brine phase with aqueous ferric chloride in the SLCs, respectively. The unique morphology of the nanocomposites enables them to adsorb dyes rapidly from an aqueous medium. Moreover, the adsorption kinetics could be modelled using a pseudo second order reaction indicating that the adsorption was not limited by mass transport, probably due to the short diffusion lengths in the nanocomposites. The nanocomposites showed adsorption based on electrostatic interaction and had very high adsorption capacities of upto ∼100 mg g⁻¹.