In this study, fatty acid compositions of six Centaurea species growing in the Konya region were determined. The fatty acid composition of Centaurea balsamita, Centaurea calolepis, Centaurea carduiformis subsp. carduiformis, Centaurea cariensis subsp. maculiceps, C. cariensis subsp. microlepis and Centaurea iberica were analysed. Four species of these six Centaurea are endemic to Turkey. The endemic Centaurea species are C. calolepis, C. carduiformis subsp. carduiformis, C. cariensis subsp. maculiceps and C. cariensis subsp. microlepis. Generally, C 18:2 ω6 linoleic acid, C 16:0 palmitic acid, C 18:3 ω3 linolenic acid and C 18:1 oleic acid were found to be the major fatty acids in all species. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were found in higher amounts than saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids in all species. PUFAs were determined at 55.10%, 50.25%, 51.41%, 41.02%, 46.18% and 58.80% in C. balsamita, C. calolepis, C. carduiformis subsp. carduiformis, C. cariensis subsp. maculiceps, C. cariensis subsp. microlepis and C. iberica, respectively.

In this study, five new bis(aminoglyoximes), 1,4-phenylenebis(aminoglyoxime), 1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-bis(aminoglyoxime), 1,1′-diphenyloxy-4,4′-bis(aminoglyoxime), 1,1′-diphenylmethylene-4,4′-bis(aminoglyoxime) and 1,1′-diphenylethylene-4,4′-bis(aminogly-oxime) have been synthesised from anti-chloroglyoxime and the corresponding aromatic diamines. Their polymeric complexes with Ni(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) have been obtained. The complexes with Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) of these ligands are square-planar and the complexes with Cd(II) and Hg(II) are tetrahedral. To elucidate the structures of the complexes and ligands, elemental analyses, IR and 1H-NMR spectral data have been used.

In this study, the effects of plant hormones known as the classical quintet; auxine, cytokinin, giberellin, absisic acid, ethylene hormones as well as the ones discovered by recent studies, i.e. brassinosteroid, salicylic acid, strigolactone and jasmonic acid on plant physiology, their uses in agriculture, and effects on the environment due to misuse of these hormones were compiled and the literature on the phytohormones was updated.

The vaccines are very effective vehicles for the prevention of various diseases. The cost of production and the need of cold-chain limit the vaccination programs especially in low-income countries. Hence, the plants offer a suitable platform to produce the immunogenic proteins with reduced cost without a requirement for cold-chain. The transgenic plants expressing antigens might be either used for the purification of the recombinant proteins or consumed as a food for the oral administration of the plant-based vaccine. A variety of plants have been used as the expression system, such as tobacco, rice, maize, carrot, soybean, potato and barley, each plant possessing pros and cons. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, biolistics or electroporation techniques are used for the transformation of the plants, and the transgenic plants can be utilized for the development of vaccines against bacterial pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus anthracis, and viral diseases like Human Papillomavirus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, as well as the diseases like cancer, synucleopathies or atherosclerosis.