Purpose: To compare the efficacy of infliximab and adalimumab in patients with refractory uveitis-related macular edema (ME). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in all patients with refractory uveitis-related ME treated with infliximab or adalimumab in Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital between January 1, 2006 and January 1, 2016. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, OCT and retinal angiography at baseline, and 6 (M6) and 24 months (M24) after treatment initiation. Main outcome was a decrease in central foveal thickness (CFT) on OCT. Results: Twenty-five patients were included: 12 treated with adalimumab and 13 treated with infliximab. The median baseline CFT was 381 μm (Q1 = 254; Q3 = 470) in the adalimumab group and 469 μm (307; 539) in the infliximab group. At M6, 6/12 adalimumab-treated patients (50%) and 8/13 infliximab-treated patients (61%) were responders. The median CFT decrease from baseline was 61 μm (17–136) and 66 μm (−59–119) respectively at M6 and M24 in the adalimumab group versus 92 μm (9–165) and 52 μm (33–130) respectively at M6 and M24 in the infliximab group (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: No significant difference in efficacy was observed between infliximab and adalimumab at M6 and M24.

Albinism is a group of genetic disorders characterized by general skin and retinal hypopigmentation. It is in most cases an autosomal recessive condition. Foveal hypoplasia (FH) is one of the main ...

The Bruch's membrane (BM) is an acellular, extracellular matrix that lies between the choroid and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The BM plays a critical role in retinal health, performing various functions including biomolecule diffusion and RPE support. The BM is also involved in many retinal diseases, and insights into BM dysfunction allow for further understanding of the pathophysiology of various chorioretinal pathologies. Thus, characterization of the BM serves as an important area of research to further understand its involvement in retinal disease. In this article, we provide a review of various advancements in characterizing and visualizing the BM. We provide an overview of the BM in retinal health, as well as changes observed in aging and disease. We then describe current state-of-the-art imaging modalities and advances to further visualize the BM including various types of optical coherence tomography imaging, near-infrared reflectance (NIR), and autofluorescence imaging and tissue matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS). Following advances in imaging of the BM, we describe animal, cellular, and synthetic models that have been developed to further visualize the BM. Following this section, we provide an overview of deep learning in retinal imaging and describe advances in computational and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to provide automated segmentation of the BM and BM opening. We conclude this section considering the clinical implications of these segmentation techniques. Ultimately, the diverse advances aimed to further characterize the BM may allow for deeper insights into the involvement of this critical structure in retinal health and disease.

Background: Fovea plana is defined as an immature macula diagnosed by OCT, showing the unusual shunt of the inner retinal layers into the fovea. The incidence of fovea plana in the adult population remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of fovea plana in the French population with age-related cataract. Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent cataract surgery in Rothschild Foundation Hospital, France, between January and March 2021, with preoperative analyzable OCT scans available, were retrospectively screened in order to determine the incidence of fovea plana in these population. Ophthalmological characteristics of patients were reported, and detailed. Result: Fovea plana was encountered in 20 out of 204 patients during the 3 months corresponding to an incidence of 9.8%. One of those patients had stage 2 fovea plana. Conclusion: Although fovea plana is defined as an immature macula, it is not rare in preoperative population. This macular aspect was not associated with poor visual acuity in our cohort.

Background: With the clinical advances in the field of gene therapy, the development of objective measures of visual function of patients with inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) is of utmost importance. Here, we propose one such measure. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from a cohort of 194 eyes of 97 genetically diagnosed patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), the most common IRD, followed at the UPMC Vision Institute. The analyzed data included the reflectivity ratio (RR) of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) to that of the entire retina, visual acuity (VA) and the thickness of the retinal outer nuclear layer (ONL) and the RNFL. Results: There was a strong positive correlation between the RR and VA. Both VA and the RR were negatively correlated with disease duration; VA, but not the RR, was negatively correlated with age. The RR correlated with the ONL but not with the RNFL thickness or the intraocular pressure. Age, RR, disease duration and ONL thickness were found to be independent predictors of VA by multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The OCT RR could serve as an independent predictor of visual acuity, and by extension of retinal function, in genetically diagnosed RP patients. Such objective measures can be of great value in patient selection for therapeutic trials.

There is few data that investigate the genetic underpinnings of idiopathic foveal hypoplasia and assess its potential overlap with albinism-related gene variants in a cohort devoid of familial albinism history. This cross-sectional study included 19 participants diagnosed with idiopathic foveal hypoplasia, confirmed via optical coherence tomography (OCT). We detailed ophthalmic evaluations and genotyping using a panel of 33 genes related to foveal hypoplasia. Of the 19 participants, 2 (10%) exhibited heterozygous pathogenic variants in genes typically associated with albinism (TYR and OCA2). Eyes from participants with variants had statistically significant lower central macula thickness than those without. The study reveals some albinism-associated variants among participants with idiopathic foveal hypoplasia, suggesting a possible genetic basis for this condition in a subset of cases.