The preparation of low-cost and high-durability cement-based material systems using seawater mixing has become an urgent task in marine engineering construction. The requirements have addressed key challenges, including high transportation costs for fresh water and raw materials, poor structural durability, and difficulty in meeting actual construction schedules. Sulfatealuminate cement (CSA) has become an ideal material for marine engineering due to its high corrosion resistance, rapid early strength, which is 35–40 MPa of 3-day compressive strength and is 1.5–2 times compared ordinary Portland cement (OPC), and low-carbon characteristics, reduced production energy consumption by 35–50%, and CO₂ emissions of 0.35–0.45 tons/ton. The Cl⁻ and SO₄²⁻ in seawater can accelerate the hydration of CSA, promote the formation of ettringite (AFt), and generate Friedel’s salt fixed chloride ions, significantly enhancing its resistance to chloride corrosion. Its low alkalinity (pH ≈ 10.6) and dense structure further optimize its resistance to sulfate corrosion. In terms of environmental benefits, CSA-mixed seawater can save 15–20% fresh water. And the use of solid waste preparation can reduce environmental burden by 38.62%. In the future, it is necessary to combine multi-scale simulation to predict long-term performance, develop self-healing materials and intelligent control technologies, and promote their large-scale application in sustainable marine infrastructure.

An attempt at the treatment of the waste fiber (WF) from the wind turbine blade (WTB) was made through the modifier of dopamine hydrochloride and the compound modifier of dopamine hydrochloride and 2,5-dihydroxy terephthalic acid or 3,4-dihydroxy cinnamic acid or 3,4-dihydroxy benzonitrile, corresponding to obtain four modified waste fibers (MWF1, MWF2, MWF3, and MWF4). The MWFs samples’ microstructure properties were characterized using SEM, EDS, XPS, FTIR analyses, and water contact angle tests. The results revealed that all the MWF surfaces were wrapped by a distinct coating layer and had different elemental compositions and chemical groups, demonstrating the significant effect of the four modifications on the WF surfaces. The hydroxyl, amino, or nitrile groups were grafted onto the WF surfaces causing improvement of the hydrophilicity and reactivity. Furthermore, all the MWFs as the reinforced materials were incorporated into the industrial waste phosphogypsum (PG) to manufacture the phosphorous-building gypsum composites (PBGC). The effects on the micro-morphology and mechanical properties of the PBGC were evaluated. The results also show the improvement in flexural and compressive strength with the addition of MWFs into the PBGC, due to the enhancement of the compactness between the MWF and phosphogypsum matrix. In particular, the effects of three compound modifiers on the flexural and compressive strength are more significant. The highest flexural and compressive strength was contributed by the PBGC-MWF4 with 2% dosage using a compound modifier of dopamine hydrochloride and 3,4-dihydroxy benzonitrile, which were enhanced 61.04% and 25.97% compared with the PBG.

Alkali-activated materials, as a low-carbon cementitious material, are widely known for their excellent durability and mechanical properties. In recent years, the modification of alkali-activated materials using biochar has gradually attracted attention. Fibrous biochar has a highly porous structure and large specific surface area, which can effectively adsorb alkaline ions in alkali-activated materials, thereby improving their pore structure and density. Additionally, the surface of the biochar contains abundant functional groups and chemically reactive sites. These can interact with the active components in alkali-activated materials, forming stable composite phases. This interaction further enhances the material’s mechanical strength and durability. Moreover, the incorporation of biochar endows alkali-activated materials with special adsorption capabilities and environmental remediation functions. For instance, they can adsorb heavy metal ions and organic pollutants from water, offering significant environmental benefits. However, research on biochar-modified alkali-activated materials is still in the exploratory phase. There are several challenges, such as the unclear mechanisms of how biochar preparation conditions and performance parameters affect the modification outcomes, and the need for further investigation into the compatibility and long-term stability of biochar with alkali-activated materials. Future research should focus on these issues to promote the widespread application of biochar-modified alkali-activated materials.

The rapid growth of the wind energy sector has led to a rising number of retired wind turbine blades (RWTBs) globally, posing significant environmental and logistical challenges for sustainable waste management. Handling enormous RWTBs at their end of life (EoL) has a significant negative impact on resource conservation and the environment. Conventional disposal methods, such as landfilling and incineration, raise environmental concerns due to the non-recyclable composite material used in blade manufacturing. This study explores the upcycling potential of RWTBs as innovative construction materials, addressing both waste reduction and resource efficiency in the construction industry. By exploring recent advancements in recycling techniques, this research highlights applications such as structural components, lightweight aggregates for concrete, and reinforcement elements in asphalt pavements. The key findings demonstrate that repurposing blade-derived materials not only reduces landfill dependency but also lowers carbon emissions associated with conventional construction practices. However, challenges including material compatibility, economic feasibility, and standardization require further investigation. This study concludes that upcycling wind turbine blades into construction materials offers a promising pathway toward circular economy goals. To improve technical methods and policy support for large-scale implementation, it recommends collaboration among different fields, such as those related to cementitious and asphalt materials.

The reliable detection of environmental contaminants can correctly forecast the degree of environmental pollution that has occurred, which contributes to improving the environmental purification rate and maintaining the ecological balance. Herein, a novel hierarchical biomimetic catalysis MnO₂@CuAl-CLDHs was designed and synthesized using a facile method, which exhibited significantly enhanced peroxidase-like activity due to the unique composition and hierarchical mesoporous structure. Under optimized operational conditions, a visible colorimetric array based on the superior nanozyme activity of MnO₂@CuAl-CLDHs was developed for the quantitative determination of hydroquinone with a wide linear detection range (1–100 μM) and a low detection limit (0.183 μM). Simultaneously, our presented strategy could analyze hydroquinone in real water samples with high accuracy. Therefore, the bimetallic co-catalyzed nanozymes are expected to be the perfect replacement for natural enzymes to develop convenient and efficient sensors.

Given the serious harm of toxic phenol to human health and the ecological environment, it is urgent to develop an efficient, low-cost and sensitive nanoenzyme-based method to monitor phenol. MOF-derived nanozyme has attracted wide interest due to its hollow polyhedra structure and porous micro-nano frameworks. However, it is still a great challenge to synthesize MOF-derived multimetal synergistic catalytic nanoenzymes in large quantities with low cost. Herein, we reported the synthetic strategy of porous hollow CA-CoNiMn-CLDHs with ZIF-67 as templates through a facile solvothermal reaction. The prepared trimetallic catalyst exhibits excellent peroxidase-like activity to trigger the oxidative coupling reaction of 4-AAP and phenol in the presence of H₂O₂. The visual detection platform for phenol based on CA-CoNiMn-CLDHs is constructed, and satisfactory results are obtained. The K_m value for CA-CoNiMn-CLDHs (0.21 mM) is lower than that of HRP (0.43 mM) with TMB as the chromogenic substrate. Because of the synergistic effect of peroxidase-like activity and citric acid functionalization, the built colorimetric sensor displayed a good linear response to phenol from 1 to 100 μM with a detection limit of 0.163 μM (3σ/slope). Additionally, the CA-CoNiMn-CLDHs-based visual detection platform possesses high-chemical stability and excellent reusability, which can greatly improve economic benefits in practical applications.