Background: Effective pain management is closely related to nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and empathy regarding pain. Nursing educators and managers should understand the relationship between nurses’ pain management knowledge, attitudes and empathy level, and take targeted measures accordingly. Currently, there is limited study exploring the relationship between pain empathy and pain knowledge and attitudes among nurses in North China. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of nurses’ pain management knowledge and attitudes and pain empathy, to analyze the factors influencing pain empathy, and to explore the relationship between these two variables. Design: This study was a quantitative, descriptive-correlation design. Setting and participants: The study population was registered nurses in North China, the sample included 177 registered nurses in North China. Methods: Data were collected with the “General data questionnaire”, “Knowledge and attitudes survey regarding pain” (KASRP) and the “Empathy for pain scale” (EPS) via Wechat mini program “Questionnaire Star”. Results: The 177 registered nurses completed the survey. The averege correct rate for KASRP was (51.94 ± 9.44)%, and none of the respondents achieved a percentage score of >80%. The mean score for pain empathy was (2.78 ± 0.78), the empathy reactions dimension was (2.99 ± 0.77), and the body and mind discomfort dimension was (2.71 ± 0.80). The results of multiple stepwise linear regression showed that whether they had received empathy training, whether they had greater trauma or severe pain and whether they had negative emotions were independent influencing factors for EPS scores. Pearson correlation analysis showed that KASRP scores were positively correlated with EPS scores (r = 0.242, P < 0.05). Conclusions: The pain knowledge and attitudes of nurses in North China are far from optimal. Nurses have a relatively low accuracy rate in areas such as medication knowledge, assessment of patient pain based on case studies, and handling PRN prescriptions. Nursing educators and administrators need to design some pain management courses in a targeted manner. Nurses’ empathy for pain was at a moderate level. Pain empathy was positively correlated with pain knowledge and attitudes, suggesting that empathy for pain can be developed postnatally.

Many young male cancer patients experience reproductive concerns. Self-disclosure might be able to improve patients’ perceived social support and reproductive concerns. Nevertheless, these relationships have not yet been confirmed among young male cancer patients. This study aims to investigate the level of reproductive concerns and to identify the mediating role of perceived social support between self-disclosure and reproductive concerns among young male cancer patients in China by developing a structural model. This study was a quantitative, cross-sectional design. We used the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement guidelines to report this study. A total of 369 young male cancer survivors were recruited by convenience sampling from two tertiary hospitals in Taiyuan, Shanxi, China. Data were collected using a “general data questionnaire”, “distress disclosure index” (DDI), “perceived social support scale” (PSSS), and “reproductive concerns after cancer-male” (RCAC-M) via the WeChat mini program “Questionnaire Star” and paper questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analyses, and structural equation models were adopted to analyze the data. Reproductive concerns were at moderate levels and negatively associated with self-disclosure (r = −0.619, P < 0.01) and perceived social support (r = −0.599, P < 0.01). Self-disclosure indirectly influenced reproductive concerns (−0.328∼–0.159, P < 0.001) through perceived social support. Self-disclosure and perceived social support are closely associated with reproductive concerns in young male cancer patients, and perceived social support is a mediator between self-disclosure and reproductive concerns. Healthcare providers could reduce reproductive concerns by enhancing self-disclosure and improving perceived social support. This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov on June 13, 2023 (NCT05914181).

The nursing profession is characterized by high intensity and significant stress. Nurses must not only manage heavy workloads but also address diverse patient needs, engage in emotional labor, and cope with occupational exposure risks. These factors collectively contribute to substantial work-related stress for nurses. Currently, there is limited research on identifying distinct categories of nurse stress profiles and their influencing factors. This study aimed to explore the potential categories of perceived stress among nurses using Latent profile analysis (LPA) and to analyze the influence of sociodemographic factors, effort-reward imbalance, and perceived organizational support on perceived stress categories. Cross-sectional study Data were collected via electronic surveys from 696 nurses in Shanxi Province, China, from February 18 to 28, 2023. The survey parameters included sociodemographic characteristics, nurse job stressors scale, effort-reward imbalance scale, and perceived organizational support scale. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to classify the perceived stress levels of nurses, and disordered multi-classification logistic regression was used to identify the influencing factors. The most suitable model was a three-profile model, comprising the “low perceived stress” group (10.5%), “moderate perceived stress” group (66.7%), and “high perceived stress” group (22.8%). Multi-classification logistic regression analysis showed that average working hours per day (OR = 3.022, p = 0.026), extrinsic effort (C2 vs. C1, OR = 1.589, p < 0.001; C3 vs. C1, OR = 2.515, p < 0.001), and perceived organizational support (C2 vs. C1, OR = 0.853, p < 0.001; C3 vs. C1, OR = 0.753, p < 0.001) were the factors influencing the classification of nurses’ perceived stress. Latent profile analysis revealed that nurses’ perceived stress exhibits distinct characteristics. It is recommended that clinical administrators should identify these characteristics and the influencing factors of different nurse categories, and adopt targeted intervention strategies to reduce the levels of perceived stress.

Background: It is challenging to predict the occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents over short periods. Moreover, the predictive value of indices for NSSI remains elusive. Thus, this study aimed to identify predictors of NSSI within 6 months among adolescents after psychiatric hospitalization by establishing a risk assessment model.Methods: A total of 632 high-risk participants were included in this study. The distribution characteristics of adolescent NSSI were initially assessed through a cross-sectional survey, following which risk factors were identified using logistic regression analysis. The risk score method was then used to construct a 6-month risk assessment model for NSSI. Lastly, the predictive effect of the model was evaluated by indicators such as the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the positive predictive value.Results: After 6 months, 412 cases of NSSI were identified. According to the logistic regression model, the frequency of relapses, medication status, and NSSI history were identified as influencing factors. Higher scores on the Impulsive Behavior Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were associated with a higher risk of NSSI. Conversely, higher scores on the Pain and Belief Perception Scale were correlated with a lower risk of NSSI. Moreover, the area under the ROC curve for the predictive model was 0.9989, with a 95% confidence interval of (0.9979, 0.9999), highlighting its high predictive ability and accuracy. The predictive model was validated using 78 patients, yielding an area under the ROC curve of 0.9703 and a 95% confidence interval of (0.9167, 0.9999), demonstrating outstanding predictability.Conclusion: These results collectively showed that the predictive model could accurately predict adolescent NSSI. Thus, the model’s primary variables may be applied to predict the risk of NSSI in the clinical setting.

Background: Grounded in the Social Ecological Model, this study aimed to assess the current status of patient participation in healthcare, identify its associated factors, and quantify the relative contribution of each factor to inform targeted interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to October 2024 using convenience sampling at five tertiary hospitals in North China. A total of 573 patients were recruited. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, including the General Information Questionnaire, the Patient Participation Scale, the Patient Participation Competence Scale, the Patient Participation Attitude Scale, the Facilitation of Patient Involvement Scale, the Family APGAR Index, and the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status. Results: The mean patient participation score was 3.56 ± 0.57, indicating a moderate overall level. Multilevel factors across the microsystem, mesosystem, and macrosystem influenced participation, with the microsystem exerting the strongest impact. Participation competence and attitude were the most influential determinants, followed by educational level, facilitation of participation, and family support. Additional factors included patients’ disease knowledge, socioeconomic status, residence, self-rated health, financial burden, age, and communication with healthcare providers. Conclusions: Patient participation in healthcare remains moderate, shaped predominantly by competence and attitudes. These findings highlight the need for healthcare policies and practices that empower patients with the skills, confidence, and supportive environments required for active engagement. Strengthening competence and attitudes, while addressing disparities related to education, socioeconomic status, and health literacy, may foster more equitable and participatory models of care.