An investigation of freshwater fungi in the Philippines resulted in the collection and isolation of a new species of Phaeoacremonium (Togniniaceae) from unidentified decayed submerged wood. The novel hyphomycetous species, Phaeoacremonium philippinense, shares the same morphology with other members of the genus, such as having short, usually unbranched conidiophores, the presence of three types of phialides, and oblong-ellipsoidal to oblong conidia. A multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of the combined ITS-tub2-act-tef1-α-LSU dataset placed P. philippinense as a sister taxon to P. thailandense and indicated a shared clade with P. sicilianum. Detailed descriptions and photographic illustrations of P. philippinense are provided.

Trichoderma protrudens Samuels & P. Chaverri was originally described from the trunk of Theobroma cacao L. in Kerala, India, in 2008. Morphologically, it is defined by trichoderma‑like conidiophores bearing subulate or lageniform phialides, green subglobose to obovoidal conidia, and the presence of chlamydospores in culture. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses based on ITS, rpb2, and tef1-α sequence data confirmed the iden‑ tity of the isolates from the Philippines as T. protrudens, with robust support values (100% ML, 1.00 BPP) clustering them with the holotype CBS 121320. This study represents the first global record of T. protrudens in a freshwater ecosystem, expanding this species’ known ecological range into aquatic environments. These findings emphasize the ecological versatility of T. protrudens and underscore the importance of further inves‑ tigations into the fungal diversity of freshwater habitats.

Surveys of lignicolous aquatic fungi conducted in the Philippines, yielded four taxa of Distoseptispora . Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses, based on a concatenated dataset of ITS, LSU, RPB2 and TEF1-α sequences, together with detailed morphological examinations, confirmed the novelty and phylogenetic placement of Distoseptispora antiqueana , D. iloiloensis and D. panayensis as distinct species within the genus. In addition, the strain UPVMICC 25–0100 clustered with the ex-type strain of D. septata (GZCC 22–0078) with strong statistical support (100% MLBS, 1.00 BYPP). Phylogenetic inference further supported taxonomic revisions within the genus, resulting in the synonymisation of D. thailandica under D. phangngaensis and D. mengsongensis under D. fasciculata . The present study expands the known diversity of Distoseptispora in tropical aquatic habitats and provides updated phylogenetic insights and morphological descriptions supporting species delimitation and reclassification within the genus.

Leptobacillium , a lignicolous hyphomycetous fungus composed of 11 known species, is recognized for its potential as a source of biocontrol agents and bioactive compounds. In this study, we report the draft genome of Leptobacillium coffeanum , a species previously isolated in Brazil and now recorded in the Philippines. This genomic resource provides a foundation for future investigations into its ecological roles, metabolic capabilities, and potential applications in agriculture and biotechnology.

The study of lignicolous freshwater fungi in the Philippines led to the collection and isolation of two Pleurotheciaceae species, belonging to Rhexoacrodictys and Phaeoisaria. Phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), beta-tubulin (TUB2), and RNA polymerase II (RPB2) loci revealed that UPVMI 24-0005 belongs to the taxon Rhexoacrodictys erecta, clustering closely with other strains (HSAUPmyr4622, IFRD500-016, HSAUP myr6489) (100% ML, 1.00 BYPP). UPVMI 24-006 was identified as Phaeoisaria filiformis, grouping with the holotype MFLUCC 18-0214 and KUNCC 23-13723 (90% ML, 1.00 BYPP). The present work also confirmed the first report of the asexual morphic stage of P. filiformis, as previous studies only described its sexual morph. Furthermore, the genus Saprodesmium, typified by S. dematiosporum, was transferred to Rhexoacrodictys based on multi-locus phylogenetic analysis, and the generic description is emended. The newly collected specimens represent novel records of Pleurotheciaceae in Philippine freshwater ecosystems. Detailed descriptions, illustrations, and multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of R. erecta and P. filiformis are provided.