Monitoring variability in outlet glaciers can improve the understanding of feedbacks associated with calving, ocean thermal forcing, and climate change. In this study, we present a remote-sensing investigation of Dalk Glacier in East Antarctica to analyze its dynamic changes. Terminus positions and surface ice velocities were estimated from Landsat and Sentinel-1 data, and the high-precision Worldview digital elevation model (DEM) was generated to determine the location of the potential ice rumple. We detected the cyclic behavior of glacier terminus changes and similar periodic increases in surface velocity since 2000. The terminus retreated in 2006, 2009, 2010, and 2016 and advanced in other years. The surface velocity of Dalk Glacier has a 5-year cycle with interannual speed-ups in 2007, 2012, and 2017. Our observations show the relationship between velocity changes and terminus variations, as well as the driving role of the ice rumple. Ice velocity often increases after calving events and continuous retreats. The loss of buttressing provided by an ice rumple may be a primary factor for increases in ice velocity. Given the restriction of the ice rumple, the surface velocity remains relatively stable when the glacier advances. The calving events may be linked to the unstable terminus caused by the ice rumple.

Relatively little is known about the physical mechanisms that drive the dynamics of the East Antarctic outlet glaciers. Here we conduct a remote-sensing investigation of the Polar Record Glacier (PRG), East Antarctica to analyze its ice flow acceleration, ice front variations and ice surface melting. Ice flow speeds at PRG increased by up to 15% from 2005 to 2015, with substantial interannual fluctuations. The ice velocities also showed seasonal variations, accelerating by up to 9% between September and January. Multiple mechanisms contribute to the observed seasonal variations: the initial acceleration may result from the lost back-stress provided by the sea ice in the austral spring and the later speedup relate to the surface meltwater that leads to weakened ice shelf and shear margins. The sensitivity of the PRG to oceanic forcing is confirmed by comparing the secular ice velocity increases with ocean temperatures. These measurements suggest that the dynamics of East Antarctic ice shelves are sensitive to melt at both the surface and base, at a range of timescales.

The Lambert Glacier‐Amery Ice Shelf System (LG‐AIS) is the largest glacial system in East Antarctica. Accurate estimation of its mass balance is imperative for reducing the uncertainty in evaluating the sea level contribution from the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation of the mass balance of the AIS basin. We measured the ice velocity with Sentinel‐1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data acquired in 2016. The ice thickness data from the radio echo sounding measurements were combined with the surface mass balance data from the new Regional Atmospheric Climate Model, from which the mass balance of the AIS basin was estimated. Our estimates suggest a slight positive mass balance of 3.1 ± 9.4 Gt year^‐1 in 2016. We found that the short‐term fluctuations in the surface mass balance dramatically affect the AIS mass balance. A comparison with previous estimates confirms the long‐term positive mass balance trend.

To address the problems of noise interference and image blurring in hyperspectral imaging (HSI), this paper proposes a denoising method for HSI based on deep learning and a total variation (TV) prior. The method minimizes the first-order moment distance between the deep prior of a Fast and Flexible Denoising Convolutional Neural Network (FFDNet) and the Enhanced 3D TV (E3DTV) prior, obtaining dual priors that complement and reinforce each other’s advantages. Specifically, the original HSI is initially processed with a random binary sparse observation matrix to achieve a sparse representation. Subsequently, the plug-and-play (PnP) algorithm is employed within the framework of generalized alternating projection (GAP) to denoise the sparsely represented HSI. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to existing methods, this method shows significant advantages in both quantitative and qualitative assessments, effectively enhancing the quality of HSIs.

Ephemeral grounding refers to the intermittent contact between an ice shelf and elevated seafloor features. The evolution of ephemeral grounding of an ice shelf can affect buttressing, alter ice flow dynamics, and influence ice shelf stability. Long-term observations of ephemeral grounding sites are crucial for understanding how thickness, basal conditions, and tidal interactions evolve over time. Vertical displacement data derived from Sentinel-1A/B imagery reveals the history of ephemeral grounding events at PIIS from 2014–2023. Our results suggest that ephemeral grounding at an ice rumple is modulated by the interaction between tidal forcing, ice shelf thickness, and evolving sub-ice-shelf geometry. A prominent central keel, shaped by inherited bed topography, promotes repeated contact with a submarine ridge. Landsat-8 images reveal that the rifts that cause the 2020 calving event may have formed due to the ice shelf grounding at the study site. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms driving ephemeral grounding behaviour and highlight its potential role in modulating ice shelf stability.

Ephemeral grounding sites form when ice shelves thin or relative sea level rises, causing pinning points to ground intermittently over tidal cycles. Vertical displacements derived from Sentinel-1A/B imagery reveal the ephemeral grounding history of the Pine Island Ice Shelf from 2014 to 2023. We found that the ephemeral grounding site disappeared after the ice shelf calved in 2020 and appeared again after October 2021. We conclude that basal melting directly influences the occurrence of ephemeral grounding at the central ice shelf. Ice shelf calving and atmospheric forcings, such as La Niña and the positive phase of the Antarctic Oscillation, are indirect factors that affect ephemeral grounding. We propose that the ephemeral grounding site at the central ice shelf may evolve into a final pinning point and may influence future ice shelf calving events. Further studies on ice shelf modeling are needed to understand the interaction between ephemeral grounding and rift propagation.