Objective: To perform detailed analysis of retinal changes in dogs withSARDSusing optical coherence tomography (OCT), funduscopy, and molecular analysis.Animals: Subjects were 29 dogs from 12USstates and Canada diagnosed withSARDSby 8 ophthalmologists. An additional 7 eyes from 5 deceasedSARDSdogs were used for molecular and histological analysis.Procedures: Dogs were evaluated using chromatic pupil light reflex testing (cPLR), and electroretinography (ERG); subjects underwent complete ophthalmic examination, including funduscopy, retinal photography, andOCT, in addition to complete laboratory analysis, blood pressure evaluation, abdominal and thoracic radiographs, and computerized tomography (CT) imaging to assess possible systemic abnormalities. Histology and immunohistochemistry analysis was performed in 2SARDSeyes. Microarray analysis was performed in 5SARDSretinas.Results: Thirty‐eight percent of patients had <1‐mm wide retinal detachments (RD) onOCTanalysis, which could not be detected by funduscopy or retinal photographs. Systemic hypertension did not seem to be a contributing factor (RD22.2%;ND20%, Odds ratio = 1.1). No dogs showed neoplastic changes by thoracic or abdominal radiography, orCTimaging. There was no statistically significant difference in age (RD7.9 ± 1.9 years (mean ±SD);ND7.6 ± 1.7 years,p = 0.69) or duration of blindness prior to presentation (RD18 ± 7 days (mean±SD);ND21 ± 12 days,p = 0.28). Microarray and histology analysis ofSARDSeyes revealed molecular changes suggestive of immune‐mediated damage.Conclusions: Observed histological, molecular, andOCTchanges are highly suggestive of immune‐mediated damage inSARDSeyes.

The aim of the study was to identify the aerobic bacterial isolates and determine corresponding antibiotic susceptibility profiles in vitro in canine clinical specimens with stromal corneal ulcers, with the goal of providing recommendations for first-line treatment with antibiotics. A total of 198 canine corneal stromal ulcer samples were studied between 2018 and 2021. A corneal swab was collected and cultured under aerobic conditions. Bacterial organisms were identified at the species level by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Antibiotic susceptibility testing for commonly used topical and systemic antibiotics was performed by disk diffusion. Bacterial growth was obtained from 80% of samples. A variety of bacterial species were identified wherein the most common specimens were represented by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (22%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (12%), Staphylococcus capitis (11%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10%). Based on the overall antibiotic susceptibility data, neopolybac alone (96%) or a combination of neopolybac with either ofloxacin or amikacin (each 99%) showed the best coverage for commonly isolated bacterial organisms from canine corneal stromal ulcers. Results of this study support the use of the combined antibiotics as the first-line response for the treatment of canine corneal stromal ulcers. A statically significant increase in acquired bacterial resistance was detected during the longitudinal data observation.

The primary challenge in diagnosing ocular diseases in canines based on images lies in developing an accurate and reliable machine learning method capable of effectively segmenting and diagnosing these conditions through image analysis. Addressing this challenge, the study focuses on developing and rigorously evaluating a machine learning model for diagnosing ocular diseases in canines, employing the U-Net neural network architecture as a foundational element of this investigation.

Objective To describe functional and structural features of presumed cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) mimicking sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) in dogs and describe treatment outcomes. Animals Subjects were 17 dogs from 8 eight US states and Canada diagnosed with SARDS or immune-mediated retinitis (IMR) by 12 ophthalmologists. Nine eyes from seven deceased patients were used for microarray (MA), histology, or immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. Procedures Dogs underwent complete ophthalmic examination, including retinal photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), chromatic pupil light reflex testing (cPLR), and electroretinography (ERG), in addition to complete systemic examination. Histology, microarray, and IHC analysis were performed in CAR retinas to evaluate histological and molecular changes in retinal tissue. Results None of the patients evaluated satisfied previously established criteria for diagnosis of SARDS (flat ERG+ no red - good blue PLR), and all were diagnosed with IMR. All patients were diagnosed with a cancer: meningioma (24%), sarcoma (18%), pituitary tumor (12%), and squamous cell carcinoma (12%), other (34%). Median survival time was 6 months from diagnosis (range 1-36 months). Most frequent systemic abnormalities were as follows: proteinuria (78%); elevated liver enzymes (47%); and metabolic changes (PU/PD, polyphagia - 24%). Immunosuppressive therapy resulted in the reversal of blindness in 44% of treated patients, with 61% of all treated patients recovering and/or maintaining vision. Median time for preservation of vision was 5 months (range 1-35 months). Conclusions Observed changes are highly suggestive of immune-mediated damage in IMR-CAR eyes. A relatively high percentage of patients with CAR responded positively to immunosuppressive therapy.