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Bashir Bakhshideh Zad
Power Systems and Markets Research Group, University of Mons, Belgium

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Journal article
Published: 20 August 2021 in Energies
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In this paper, a chance-constrained (CC) framework is developed to manage the voltage control problem of medium-voltage (MV) distribution systems subject to model uncertainty. Such epistemic uncertainties are inherent in distribution system analyses given that an exact model of the network components is not available. In this context, relying on the simplified deterministic models can lead to insufficient control decisions. The CC-based voltage control framework is proposed to tackle this issue while being able to control the desired protection level against model uncertainties. The voltage control task disregarding the model uncertainties is firstly formulated as a linear optimization problem. Then, model uncertainty impacts on the above linear optimization problem are evaluated. This analysis defines that the voltage control problem subject to model uncertainties should be modelled with a joint CC formulation. The latter is accordingly relaxed to individual CC optimizations using the proposed methods. The performance of proposed CC voltage control methods is finally tested in comparison with that of the robust optimization. Simulation results confirm the accuracy of confidence level expected from the proposed CC voltage control formulations. The proposed technique allows the system operators to tune the confidence level parameter such that a tradeoff between operation costs and conservatism level is attained.

ACS Style

Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; Jean-François Toubeau; François Vallée. Chance-Constrained Based Voltage Control Framework to Deal with Model Uncertainties in MV Distribution Systems. Energies 2021, 14, 5161 .

AMA Style

Bashir Bakhshideh Zad, Jean-François Toubeau, François Vallée. Chance-Constrained Based Voltage Control Framework to Deal with Model Uncertainties in MV Distribution Systems. Energies. 2021; 14 (16):5161.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; Jean-François Toubeau; François Vallée. 2021. "Chance-Constrained Based Voltage Control Framework to Deal with Model Uncertainties in MV Distribution Systems." Energies 14, no. 16: 5161.

Journal article
Published: 20 August 2021 in Electric Power Systems Research
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The resource adequacy of the interconnected Central Western Europe (CWE) electricity system is assessed considering the cross-border exchange capacities defined through the Flow-Based (FB) domains. Integration of FB domains into adequacy assessments poses several challenges since the FB domains depend on factors which are not known over the horizon of adequacy study. Computing hourly FB domains for each generated scenario of adequacy study, firstly, requires adopting assumptions on those unknown parameters (that may not fully match with the reality). Secondly, it noticeably increases the computational complexity of the study. The above challenges can, however, be circumvented by the data-driven alternatives. This paper presents a novel clustering technique for FB domains, which is specifically tailored for adequacy assessments. In contrast to the classical approach employed by the CWE Transmission System Operators (TSOs), which clusters the FB domains based on their overall geometrical resemblance, the proposed technique relies on the maximum and minimum zonal balances allowed by the FB domains, which are decisive factors in the CWE resource adequacy assessments. Indeed, during scarcity moments, the zonal net positions (balances) tend to reach their extreme values to reduce the costs of energy not served. The proposed goal-oriented clustering technique is examined against the classical clustering methodology employed by the CWE TSOs. The conducted simulations demonstrate that the proposed technique considerably (by a factor of over 5.5) improves the accuracy of the CWE adequacy assessments while being scalable with the future evolution of the Flow-based Market Coupling (FBMC). As such, it has direct implications for the adequacy assessment considering the FB domains.

ACS Style

Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; Jean-François Toubeau; Behzad Vatandoust; Kenneth Bruninx; Zacharie De Grève; François Vallée. Enhanced integration of flow-based market coupling in short-term adequacy assessment. Electric Power Systems Research 2021, 201, 107507 .

AMA Style

Bashir Bakhshideh Zad, Jean-François Toubeau, Behzad Vatandoust, Kenneth Bruninx, Zacharie De Grève, François Vallée. Enhanced integration of flow-based market coupling in short-term adequacy assessment. Electric Power Systems Research. 2021; 201 ():107507.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; Jean-François Toubeau; Behzad Vatandoust; Kenneth Bruninx; Zacharie De Grève; François Vallée. 2021. "Enhanced integration of flow-based market coupling in short-term adequacy assessment." Electric Power Systems Research 201, no. : 107507.

Journal article
Published: 15 May 2021 in Energies
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Low voltage distribution networks have not been traditionally designed to accommodate the large-scale integration of decentralized photovoltaic (PV) generations. The bidirectional power flows in existing networks resulting from the load demand and PV generation changes as well as the influence of ambient temperature led to voltage variations and increased the leakage current through the cable insulation. In this paper, a machine learning-based framework is implemented for the identification of cable degradation by using data from deployed smart meter (SM) measurements. Nodal voltage variations are supposed to be related to cable conditions (reduction of cable insulation thickness due to insulation wear) and to client net demand changes. Various machine learning techniques are applied for classification of nodal voltages according to the cable insulation conditions. Once trained according to the comprehensive generated datasets, the implemented techniques can classify new network operating points into a healthy or degraded cable condition with high accuracy in their predictions. The simulation results reveal that logistic regression and decision tree algorithms lead to a better prediction (with a 97.9% and 99.9% accuracy, respectively) result than the k-nearest neighbors (which reach only 76.7%). The proposed framework offers promising perspectives for the early identification of LV cable conditions by using SM measurements.

ACS Style

Egnonnumi Codjo; Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; Jean-François Toubeau; Bruno François; François Vallée. Machine Learning-Based Classification of Electrical Low Voltage Cable Degradation. Energies 2021, 14, 2852 .

AMA Style

Egnonnumi Codjo, Bashir Bakhshideh Zad, Jean-François Toubeau, Bruno François, François Vallée. Machine Learning-Based Classification of Electrical Low Voltage Cable Degradation. Energies. 2021; 14 (10):2852.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Egnonnumi Codjo; Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; Jean-François Toubeau; Bruno François; François Vallée. 2021. "Machine Learning-Based Classification of Electrical Low Voltage Cable Degradation." Energies 14, no. 10: 2852.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2020 in Energies
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This paper addresses the voltage control problem in medium-voltage distribution networks. The objective is to cost-efficiently maintain the voltage profile within a safe range, in presence of uncertainties in both the future working conditions, as well as the physical parameters of the system. Indeed, the voltage profile depends not only on the fluctuating renewable-based power generation and load demand, but also on the physical parameters of the system components. In reality, the characteristics of loads, lines and transformers are subject to complex and dynamic dependencies, which are difficult to model. In such a context, the quality of the control strategy depends on the accuracy of the power flow representation, which requires to capture the non-linear behavior of the power network. Relying on the detailed analytical models (which are still subject to uncertainties) introduces a high computational power that does not comply with the real-time constraint of the voltage control task. To address this issue, while avoiding arbitrary modeling approximations, we leverage a deep reinforcement learning model to ensure an autonomous grid operational control. Outcomes show that the proposed model-free approach offers a promising alternative to find a compromise between calculation time, conservativeness and economic performance.

ACS Style

Jean-François Toubeau; Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; Martin Hupez; Zacharie De Grève; François Vallée. Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Voltage Control to Deal with Model Uncertainties in Distribution Networks. Energies 2020, 13, 3928 .

AMA Style

Jean-François Toubeau, Bashir Bakhshideh Zad, Martin Hupez, Zacharie De Grève, François Vallée. Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Voltage Control to Deal with Model Uncertainties in Distribution Networks. Energies. 2020; 13 (15):3928.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jean-François Toubeau; Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; Martin Hupez; Zacharie De Grève; François Vallée. 2020. "Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Voltage Control to Deal with Model Uncertainties in Distribution Networks." Energies 13, no. 15: 3928.

Research article
Published: 07 August 2019 in IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
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This study addresses the voltage control problem of the medium-voltage distribution systems under uncertainty of the network model. A robust voltage control algorithm (RVCA) is developed in order to manage the voltage constraints considering uncertainties associated with the parameters of load, line, and transformer models. The RVCA determines a corrective solution that remains immunised against any realisation of uncertainty associated with the parameters of the network model. To this end, prior to formulating the voltage control problem, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are used to characterise uncertain parameters of the network component models and load flow (LF) calculations are carried out to evaluate their impacts. The voltage constraints management under the uncertain environment is then formulated as a robust optimisation (RO) problem. The latter is constructed based on the results obtained through the MC simulations and LF calculations. Once the RO is solved, in order to check the robustness of the solution, system voltages are evaluated using the LF calculations considering the new set-points of control variables and uncertainty of network parameters. The simulation results reveal that neglecting model uncertainty in the voltage control problem can lead to infeasible solutions while the proposed RVCA, at an extra cost, determines a corrective solution which remains protected against the studied uncertainties.

ACS Style

Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; Jean‐François Toubeau; Jacques Lobry; François Vallée. Robust voltage control algorithm incorporating model uncertainty impacts. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 2019, 13, 3921 -3931.

AMA Style

Bashir Bakhshideh Zad, Jean‐François Toubeau, Jacques Lobry, François Vallée. Robust voltage control algorithm incorporating model uncertainty impacts. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution. 2019; 13 (17):3921-3931.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; Jean‐François Toubeau; Jacques Lobry; François Vallée. 2019. "Robust voltage control algorithm incorporating model uncertainty impacts." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 13, no. 17: 3921-3931.

Journal article
Published: 14 September 2018 in Electric Power Components and Systems
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ACS Style

Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; Jacques Lobry; François Vallée. A New Voltage Sensitivity Analysis Method for Medium-Voltage Distribution Systems Incorporating Power Losses Impact. Electric Power Components and Systems 2018, 46, 1540 -1553.

AMA Style

Bashir Bakhshideh Zad, Jacques Lobry, François Vallée. A New Voltage Sensitivity Analysis Method for Medium-Voltage Distribution Systems Incorporating Power Losses Impact. Electric Power Components and Systems. 2018; 46 (14-15):1540-1553.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; Jacques Lobry; François Vallée. 2018. "A New Voltage Sensitivity Analysis Method for Medium-Voltage Distribution Systems Incorporating Power Losses Impact." Electric Power Components and Systems 46, no. 14-15: 1540-1553.

Research article
Published: 22 March 2018 in IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
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In this paper, a novel framework is proposed in order to evaluate impacts of the uncertain models of the system components on the voltage regulation problem of the medium-voltage distribution systems. The investigation focuses on the model uncertainty associated with voltage dependency of loads, power factor of loads, thermal dependency of lines, shunt admittances of lines and internal resistance of substation transformer. To this end, firstly, voltage constraints are managed using a centralised voltage control algorithm (VCA) by relying on the simplified models of the system components. The system loads and lines as well as the substation transformer are then modelled with the uncertain variables which are bounded in the predefined ranges. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are used to create wide series of scenarios that cover the possible values that the parameters of the system components can take due to their uncertain nature. The model uncertainty impacts on the voltage regulation problem are finally evaluated by the load flow calculations considering the scenarios created by the MC simulations and the set-point obtained by the VCA. The proposed investigation brings useful information regarding the possible deviations that the node voltages can have due to the uncertain models of the studied components.

ACS Style

Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; Jacques Lobry; François Vallée. Impacts of the model uncertainty on the voltage regulation problem of medium‐voltage distribution systems. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 2018, 12, 2359 -2368.

AMA Style

Bashir Bakhshideh Zad, Jacques Lobry, François Vallée. Impacts of the model uncertainty on the voltage regulation problem of medium‐voltage distribution systems. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution. 2018; 12 (10):2359-2368.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; Jacques Lobry; François Vallée. 2018. "Impacts of the model uncertainty on the voltage regulation problem of medium‐voltage distribution systems." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 12, no. 10: 2359-2368.

Conference paper
Published: 01 August 2017 in 2017 52nd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)
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The electric distribution systems are generally modelled in an inaccurate way since the exact model of their components is not practically available. The model inaccuracy creates errors in the calculations and can mislead the analyses into the wrong directions. In this regard, this paper studies impact of the model inaccuracy on the voltage control problem of the Medium Voltage (MV) distribution systems. Firstly, a Voltage Control Algorithm (VCA) is proposed which is subject to the inaccuracies associated with the load and line models. Then, Monte Carlo (MC) simulation are used to create a wide range of scenarios that covers the possible values that parameters of the model under study can take. These scenarios represent the uncertain nature of the model under study. Finally, the load flow calculations are performed considering the set-point obtained by the VCA and for each of the scenarios created by the MC tool. By evaluating all scenarios, impact of the model inaccuracy on the voltage control problem is obtained. If the system voltages are found to be within the permitted voltage range, it is concluded that the inaccuracy in the studied model will not create a voltage violation problem for the VCA.

ACS Style

Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; J. Lobry; F. Vallée. Impacts of the load and line inaccurate models on the voltage control problem of the MV distribution systems. 2017 52nd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC) 2017, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Bashir Bakhshideh Zad, J. Lobry, F. Vallée. Impacts of the load and line inaccurate models on the voltage control problem of the MV distribution systems. 2017 52nd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC). 2017; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; J. Lobry; F. Vallée. 2017. "Impacts of the load and line inaccurate models on the voltage control problem of the MV distribution systems." 2017 52nd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC) , no. : 1-6.

Conference paper
Published: 01 April 2016 in 2016 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON)
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In this paper, optimal location and size of STATCOM are defined using voltage stability indices in terms of bifurcation and modal analysis to satisfy its primary application. Then, besides this primary application, a complementary functionality is defined in order to mitigate low frequency oscillations (LFOs). Hankel singular values (HSVs) and right half plane zeros (RHP-zeros) analyses are applied to find the best feedback stabilizing signal of STATCOM-based supplementary damping controller (SDC). Finally, a new method is proposed to coordinate the supplementary functionality of STATCOM with the installed power system stabilizer (PSS). The parameters of STATCOM-SDC and PSS are tuned simultaneously and optimally using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The eigenvalue analysis and nonlinear time-domain simulations are carried out to validate the proposed scheme. Simulation results show that while keeping the primary applications, the STATCOM damps out power system oscillations satisfactorily in the various system operating conditions.

ACS Style

H. Hasanvand; Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; A. Parastar; J. Lobry; F. Vallée. Voltage support and damping of low frequency oscillations in a large scale power system using STATCOM. 2016 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON) 2016, 1 -6.

AMA Style

H. Hasanvand, Bashir Bakhshideh Zad, A. Parastar, J. Lobry, F. Vallée. Voltage support and damping of low frequency oscillations in a large scale power system using STATCOM. 2016 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON). 2016; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

H. Hasanvand; Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; A. Parastar; J. Lobry; F. Vallée. 2016. "Voltage support and damping of low frequency oscillations in a large scale power system using STATCOM." 2016 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON) , no. : 1-6.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2015 in International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
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ACS Style

Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; H. Hasanvand; J. Lobry; F. Vallée. Optimal reactive power control of DGs for voltage regulation of MV distribution systems using sensitivity analysis method and PSO algorithm. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2015, 68, 52 -60.

AMA Style

Bashir Bakhshideh Zad, H. Hasanvand, J. Lobry, F. Vallée. Optimal reactive power control of DGs for voltage regulation of MV distribution systems using sensitivity analysis method and PSO algorithm. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2015; 68 ():52-60.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; H. Hasanvand; J. Lobry; F. Vallée. 2015. "Optimal reactive power control of DGs for voltage regulation of MV distribution systems using sensitivity analysis method and PSO algorithm." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 68, no. : 52-60.

Conference paper
Published: 01 October 2013 in 2013 3rd International Conference on Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems
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This paper presents a new technique for voltage regulation of a radial medium voltage (MV) distribution grid in presence of distributed generation (DG) units. The proposed technique consists of the coordinated actions of on-load tap changer (OLTC) of transformer and reactive power compensation by distribution static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM). Managing the system voltage using the action of OLTC is one of the most common ways for voltage regulation of MV systems. However, OLTC cannot be used for voltage regulation of long radial distribution feeders as it changes the sending point voltage of the feeder. In this study, the problem of using OLTC for the voltage regulation of a radial distribution feeder will be solved by using reactive power compensation at the DG connected bus. Simulation results reveal that the proposed control method is capable of maintaining the system voltages within the permitted range. Thanks to the coordinated control method, the drawbacks of each voltage control method are covered by the other one that results in minimization of the system losses as well.

ACS Style

Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; J. Lobry; F. Vallée. Coordinated control of on-load tap changer and D-STATCOM for voltage regulation of radial distribution systems with DG units. 2013 3rd International Conference on Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems 2013, 1 -5.

AMA Style

Bashir Bakhshideh Zad, J. Lobry, F. Vallée. Coordinated control of on-load tap changer and D-STATCOM for voltage regulation of radial distribution systems with DG units. 2013 3rd International Conference on Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems. 2013; ():1-5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; J. Lobry; F. Vallée. 2013. "Coordinated control of on-load tap changer and D-STATCOM for voltage regulation of radial distribution systems with DG units." 2013 3rd International Conference on Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems , no. : 1-5.

Journal article
Published: 18 September 2013 in IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering
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ACS Style

Hamed Hasanvand; Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; Babak Mozafari; Behnam Feizifar. Damping of low-frequency oscillations using an SVC-based supplementary controller. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering 2013, 8, 550 -556.

AMA Style

Hamed Hasanvand, Bashir Bakhshideh Zad, Babak Mozafari, Behnam Feizifar. Damping of low-frequency oscillations using an SVC-based supplementary controller. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering. 2013; 8 (6):550-556.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hamed Hasanvand; Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; Babak Mozafari; Behnam Feizifar. 2013. "Damping of low-frequency oscillations using an SVC-based supplementary controller." IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering 8, no. 6: 550-556.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2013 in 22nd International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2013)
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ACS Style

B.B. Zad; F. Vallee; O. Durieux; J. Lobry. Improvement of on-load tap changer performance in voltage regulation of MV distribution. 22nd International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2013) 2013, 1 .

AMA Style

B.B. Zad, F. Vallee, O. Durieux, J. Lobry. Improvement of on-load tap changer performance in voltage regulation of MV distribution. 22nd International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2013). 2013; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

B.B. Zad; F. Vallee; O. Durieux; J. Lobry. 2013. "Improvement of on-load tap changer performance in voltage regulation of MV distribution." 22nd International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2013) , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 01 December 2011 in 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Applications and Industrial Electronics (ICCAIE)
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In this paper, the problem of optimal tuning of power swing damping controller (PSDC) parameters based Static VAR Compensator (SVC) is considered. This problem is formulated as an optimization problem which is solved by Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) algorithm. Furthermore, in this paper, optimal design of fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based SVC is investigated and IPSO is used to optimize the scaling factors and membership functions of FLC based SVC. The proposed controllers coordinated with SVC are applied to single-machine infinite bus system (SMIBS) for the sake of improvement of power system damping. Simulation results show effectiveness of the proposed controllers to damp out low frequency oscillations under different loading and fault conditions. Also, the results indicate that the control performance and robustness of FLC is superior to that of PSDC under different disturbances and loading conditions.

ACS Style

H. Hasanvand; Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; B. Mozafari; S. Soleymani. Design of optimal power swing damping and fuzzy logic controller for SVC using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Applications and Industrial Electronics (ICCAIE) 2011, 172 -177.

AMA Style

H. Hasanvand, Bashir Bakhshideh Zad, B. Mozafari, S. Soleymani. Design of optimal power swing damping and fuzzy logic controller for SVC using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Applications and Industrial Electronics (ICCAIE). 2011; ():172-177.

Chicago/Turabian Style

H. Hasanvand; Bashir Bakhshideh Zad; B. Mozafari; S. Soleymani. 2011. "Design of optimal power swing damping and fuzzy logic controller for SVC using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm." 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Applications and Industrial Electronics (ICCAIE) , no. : 172-177.