Temporal study of seaweeds was carried out between on February 2015 and November 2015 at Kampung Jawa Darat and Kampung Sungai Buntu at Pengerang, Johor, Malaysia. The research objectives were to study the diversity of seaweed and to determine the presence of fungal endophyte in the seaweed. The diversity of seaweed in the sampling site was calculated by using quadrat with 25 meter line transect by 3 replication for each site. The specimen were identified and processed in laboratory and kept for reference in the Algae Herbarium, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The specimen for fungal endophyte isolation was collected randomly by choosing the complete thallus, transferred into sterile zip-lock plastic bag and kept in freezer until used. From this study, a total of 29 species have been successfully identified including 12 species of Chlorophyta, 2 species of Phaeophyta and 14 species of Rhodophyta. From February to November 2015, the number of species highly varied and a significant change in community structure was noted. Kampung Sungai Buntu shows the highest diversity throughout the study compared to Kampung Jawa Darat. Eighteen seaweed species were screened for the presence of fungal endophyte, Sargassum polycystum shows the highest number of fungal endophyte. This study documented the seaweed diversity in two sites at Pengerang, Johor that accommodates fungal endophytes.

This systematic review aimed to synthesise the existing studies regarding the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on seaweed aquaculture. Ocean acidification scenarios may increase the productivity of aquacultured seaweeds, but this depends on species-specific tolerance ranges. Conversely, seaweed productivity may be reduced, with ensuing economic losses. We specifically addressed questions on: how aquacultured seaweeds acclimatise with an increase in oceanic CO₂; the effects of OA on photosynthetic rates and nutrient uptake; and the knowledge gaps in mitigation measures for seaweed farming in OA environments. Articles were searched by using Google Scholar, followed by Scopus and Web of Science databases, limiting the publications from 2001 to 2022. Our review revealed that, among all the OA-related studies on macroalgae, only a relatively small proportion (n < 85) have examined the physiological responses of aquacultured seaweeds. However, it is generally agreed that these seaweeds cannot acclimatise when critical biological systems are compromised. The existing knowledge gaps regarding mitigation approaches are unbalanced and have overly focused on monitoring and cultivation methods. Future work should emphasise effective and implementable actions against OA while linking the physiological changes of aquacultured seaweeds with production costs and profits.

The effects of small-scale disturbances, such as monsoon, are understudied in tropical regions. The storms associated with monsoon events not only modify the local macroalgal community structure, but also reveal the continuation of short-term recolonisation. Thus, this study aims to determine the variation in species, assemblage and cover of macroalgae during the monsoonal cycle from 2015 to 2016. This paper presents data on the spatial and temporal distribution of benthic macroalgae along the coastline of Johor, Malaysia. The information is presented as raw and partially-processed data, which summarises the cover and frequency of macroalgae at the respective study sites. This paper describes an important set of data that can be used further for in-situ experiments on the effects of environmental disturbances towards pioneer and climax species in tropical areas. This study provides a description of the east coast shore of Peninsular Malaysia, specifically in Johor coast in 2015-2016. The spatial and temporal distribution and abundance of a total of 41 taxa were assessed at four monsoon-exposed locations. These data provide a comprehensive baseline against disturbance and recolonisation of macroalgal community can be effectively and objectively evaluated.