Vibrio alginolyticusis a facultative anaerobic gram-negative bacillus found in normal marine flora. Ocular infections induced byV. alginolyticusare extremely rare. We report a case of endophthalmitis caused byV. alginolyticusto draw attention toV. alginolyticusinfections following ocular injuries.

Kimura’s disease (KD) is a rare and benign chronic inflammatory soft tissue disorder of unknown origin, which predominantly inflicts young male adults in Asia. IgG4-related disease is a new disease concept, established this century and characterized by fibrosis and sclerosis of the involved organs, with infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells. These two kinds of diseases share similar characteristics, which may complicate their diagnosis. A 47-year-old Chinese man presented to our Department of Ophthalmology with a 26-month history of painless swelling and redness left upper eyelid. Surgical excisions of the left lacrimal gland were performed. A histopathology examination showed follicular hyperplasia with reactive germinal centres and eosinophilic infiltration involving the interfollicular areas as well as proliferation of post capillary venules, all signs of Kimura disease. Immunohistochemical analysis of the cells demonstrated positive staining for CK, Vimentin, CD3, CD4, CD20, CD21, CD117, CD5, CD8, CD23, IgG and IgG4 (30 per high-power field) and negative staining for CD10 and CD34. Some ophthalmologists in our department questioned whether the histological and immunohistochemical findings were also compatible with features of IgG4-related diseases. There was no sign of recurrence during the twelve months of regular follow-up. Kimura’s disease may present with high serum IgG4 levels, which may be an epiphenomenon related to chronic antigen exposure. As clinical doctors, especially ophthalmologists, we should recognize the possibility of the occurrence of increased serum levels of IgG4 in Kimura’s disease to ensure correct diagnosis.

AIM: To evaluate lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (LGACC) of prognosis in patients who underwent different treatment regimens. METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for studies done on the treatment of LGACC, between January 1987 and April 2022. A Meta-analysis was conducted to pool the 5-year overall survival rate (OR), and the 5-year recurrence rate (RR) and 5-year metastasis rate (MR) were assessed. RESULTS: The 30 studies involved 585 patients were included in the Meta-analysis. The pooled 5-year OR with surgery alone was 50%, the 5-year RR was 63%, and the 5-year MR was 34%. The pooled 5-year OR with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy combined was 67% (95%CI 61%,73%), the 5-year RR was 41%, and the 5-year MR was 35%. The pooled 5-year OR with surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined was 72% (95%CI 59%, 84%), the 5-year RR was 48%, and the 5-year MR was 36%. The pooled 5-year OR with surgery, intra-arterial cytoreductive chemotherapy, and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined was 78% (95%CI 68%, 89%), the 5-year RR was 15%, and the 5-year MR was 27%. CONCLUSION: Comprehensive treatment is more effective than surgery alone. Surgery combined with intra-arterial chemotherapy and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy seems to add value to the therapeutic effect of comprehensive treatment of LGACC but further high-quality research is required to validate this.

Background: Primary ocular adnexal extranodal marginal zone mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (OAML) is a rare subtype of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, and no consensus has been defined concerning the optimal treatment strategies. This study aims to investigate the associations of disease characteristics and different treatments with long‐term outcomes of patients with localized OAML.Methods: A large retrospective cohort study was conducted in a single‐center of China, and 166 patients with newly diagnosed primary localized OAML were enrolled. Detailed data of disease characteristics at diagnosis and treatments were collected for all patients. We compared treatment response and progression‐free survival (PFS) among patients with different characteristics and treatments.Results: Of the 166 patients, 52 received complete resection of neoplasm, whereas 114 had residual lesion after surgery. Among the 114 patients, 61 underwent watchful waiting and 53 received further treatment including localized radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Median follow‐up was 49 months. A total of 31 patients had disease progression or relapse, including four patients with such event more than five years after initial treatment. The 5‐year PFS was 73.9%, 70.6%, and 85.9%, whereas the 10‐year PFS was 69.3%, 59.2%, and 79.3%, among patients with complete resection of neoplasm, patients in the watchful waiting group and patients with further treatment, respectively. Patients with further treatment had longer PFS, compared with patients in the watchful waiting group (p = 0.011). Bilateral involvement at diagnosis was associated with significantly inferior PFS (p = 0.029), whereas age, IPI score, or TNM staging were not associated with PFS. No serious adverse reaction was reported among patients with further treatment.Conclusions: Bilateral involvement was associated with poor prognosis. Among patients with residual lesions after surgery, further treatment was associated with improved survival. Patients with OAML might experience disease progression or relapse more than five years after initial treatment.

To evaluate the clinical features, pathological findings, treatment, and prognosis of patients with orbital natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL). This retrospective study collected clinical data from 11 patients diagnosed with orbital NKTCL by pathological examination at Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, between November 2005 and March 2024. The patients were followed up to assess their prognosis. The median age of patients with orbital NKTCL was 51 years, with a slight male predominance. All cases were unilateral, with clinical presentations of eyelid or periorbital swelling, and other symptoms including decreased vision (90.9%), conjunctival congestion (90.9%), ocular motility disorders (81.8%), proptosis (63.6%), and ptosis (36.4%). All patients had surrounding tissue involvement, with the most common sites being the eyelid (11 cases), eyeball wall (7 cases), and lacrimal gland (5 cases). Additionally, 63.6% of patients had concurrent soft tissue involvement of the nasal region, while 36.4% had isolated orbital NKTCL. Pathological examination revealed diffuse proliferation and infiltration of atypical lymphocytes, occasionally with necrosis. Immunohistochemical staining showed positive expression of GrB (11 cases), CD3 (10 cases), TIA1 (9 cases), CD56 (8 cases), and EBV/EBER (10 cases). All patients underwent ocular surgery, 7 received postoperative chemotherapy, and one received concurrent local radiotherapy. Follow-up (median duration: 120 months) revealed poor prognosis, with 5 patients lost to follow-up, 5 deaths, and only one survival without recurrence. Orbital NKTCL is highly aggressive, rapidly progressive, and has a poor prognosis. Its clinical symptoms are similar to orbital cellulitis or inflammatory pseudotumor. When anti-inflammatory and corticosteroid therapies prove ineffective, early biopsy for histopathological confirmation is strongly recommended. Upon diagnosis, prompt chemotherapy and radiotherapy should be initiated to improve the patient’s prognosis.