In the context of rapid urbanization and the pursuit of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), cities face multifaceted challenges such as high population density, limited green space, ecosystem degradation, and an insufficient supply of ecological products, all of which undermine urban sustainability. As crucial ecological units, urban park green spaces (UPGS) play a vital role in alleviating environmental pressures and providing cultural ecosystem services (CES) that are essential for human well-being and social sustainability. However, systematic insight into how residents perceive and value CES, along with the underlying drivers, remains underdeveloped, impeding the advancement of refined park management practices. Based on 12,083 social media texts, this study employed BERTopic topic modeling to identify five core dimensions of CES perception: recreational services (RS), aesthetic experiences (AE), health-promoting activities (HA), social interactions (SI), and educational services (ES). Additionally, four underlying drivers with corresponding measurable indicators were also identified: residents’ socioeconomic backgrounds (RSB), external built environment of parks (EBE), internal landscape composition (ILC), and quality of services management (QSM). Subsequently, using 313 valid questionnaires and geographic park data, a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) framework was constructed to analyze the influence mechanisms of EBE, ILC, and QSM on CES perception differences, with residents’ satisfaction with CES serving as the measure of their perceived CES levels. Hierarchical regression analysis was further employed to examine the moderating effects of RSB on these driving pathways. The findings reveal the following: (1) Significant synergies and heterogeneities existed among CES dimensions, with notable synergistic effects observed between AE and SI, as well as between HA and RS. (2) EBE, ILC, and QSM significantly influenced CES perception differences (p < 0.05). EBE affected these differences through pathways such as EBE → ILC → QSM → CES and EBE → QSM → CES. Notably, QSM was identified as the most critical mediating factor affecting CES perception differences. (3) Age exerted a significant positive moderating effect on the QSM → CES pathway, while monthly income showed a marginally significant negative moderating trend on the ILC → QSM pathway. This study elucidates the multi-level driving mechanisms underlying differences in residents’ perceptions of CES in UPGS. A key innovation lies in the integration of large-scale social media text data with questionnaire surveys, combined with the application of the BERTopic model and PLS-SEM to analyze these perceptual differences. The findings offer both theoretical foundations and practical insights for landscape optimization and service enhancement in park planning and management, contributing to the development of more equitable, resilient, and sustainable urban environments.

Green utilization of rural construction land (RCL) is key to implementing the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and rural revitalization both in China and other countries. However, how to systematically analyze the green utilization level of RCL is still unclear. Thus, a novel method, the green niche of construction land functions in rural communities (GNCLFRC), was proposed based on ecological niche theory to measure the greening level of the RCL. From a systematic perspective, two aspects and five dimensions were proposed for consideration when analyzing GNCLFRC. One was the green niche of elements (GNE), including the greenness of social, economic, and environmental functions. The other was the green niche of state (GNS), including coupling coordination and the development location and potential of the functional system. The Yanhe Community, as a typical case at the microscale for rural revitalization and green utilization of RCL in China, was selected for an empirical application to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. Five Worldview satellite images with resolutions of 0.5 m in 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016 and field investigation data obtained by using UAV, iRTK, and Qstar in 2018 and 2020 were used to analyze changes in the RCL and its functions in Yanhe. The two aspects and five dimensions were analyzed. The results showed that GNE in Yanhe continuously increased by 0.3057 to 0.9131 from 2008 to 2020, while GNS increased and then decreased from 2016 to 2020. However, the GNS remained between 0.8-0.9. The GNCLFRC increased yearly and remained above 0.9 for many years. The results indicate that the greening level of RCL in Yanhe is improving, which boosts its overall green development capacity and regional competitiveness. Moreover, the GNCLFRC analysis method and results can be used to guide the green utilization planning of RCL, green function-oriented regional zoning in rural areas, and green management of rural construction.