In this study, sulfated low molecular-weight Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides(SLTP) with different sulfate contents were synthesized and their antioxidant activities,including superoxide anion radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical andhydroxyl radical scavenging activities were investigated. The results indicated that,compared to natural Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (TP) and low molecular weightTremella fuciformis polysaccharide (LTP), sulfated LTP (SLTP) exhibited strongerscavenging activity towards superoxide anion, DPPH and hydroxyl radicals. In all the casesthe effect was found to be dose dependent. The scavenging activity of SLTP was found tobe in parallel with the degree of sulfation of SLTP.

High molecular mass and poor solubility of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAP) limit their physiological activity. This study employed ultrasonic degradation to address these challenges. Ultrasonic treatment reduced the molecular mass of AAP from 1 × 10⁵ Da to 3.8 × 10³–8 × 10⁴ Da, enhanced hydroxyl group exposure, and significantly improved solubility, with dissolution time reduced to one-ninth of the pre-degradation level at 20 °C. The antioxidant activities of AAP were enhanced after ultrasonic degradation, with DPPH scavenging IC₅₀ reduced from 3.58 mg/mL to 2.07 mg/mL and hydroxyl radical IC₅₀ from 2.28 mg/mL to 1.77 mg/mL. Hypoglycemic effects were improved, with α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition rates increasing by 5.06 % and 5.81 %, respectively. Bile acid binding for MBS improved by 28.6 %, indicating ultrasonic degradation enhanced hypolipidemic activity. This study demonstrates ultrasonic degradation is a green, efficient method to improve AAP's functional properties, which broadens its applications in functional foods and health supplements.

• Analysis of the monosaccharide composition of Tiger Nuts polysaccharides. • Molecular mass determination and physical structure of Tiger Nuts polysaccharides. • Studied Tiger Nuts polysaccharide‘s application in protein drinks.