This study examined the association of obesity and dyslipidemia according to body measurements among Chinese adults in Shanghai, a place in the process of rapid urbanization. Using the baseline data of the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank study (SSACB), the subjects completed questionnaires and physical examinations, and fasting blood was collected for biochemical assays. We estimated the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) by multivariable logistic regression. The prevalence was 12.9% and 28.8% in both general and central obesity, respectively. Compared with the non-obese, the general or central obesity participants had a higher level of TC, TG, LDL-C and lower level of HDL-C. The OR (95%CI) for dyslipidemia was 1.79 (1.69–1.91) and 1.91 (1.83–2.00) in general or central obesity, respectively. Positive associations were also observed between obesity and high TC, high LDL-C, low HDL-C and high TG, with the adjusted OR ranging from 1.11 to 2.00. Significant modifying effect of gender, age, hypertension, and diabetes were found in the association of obesity and different forms of dyslipidemia. The findings of our study indicated that participants with obesity, including general or central obesity, have a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia and gender, age, hypertension, and diabetes might be potential modifiers of the association. More effective attention and interventions should be directed to managing body weight to reduce the prevalence of dyslipidemia.

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a rodent-borne disease caused by hantaviruses. Landscape can influence the risk of hantavirus infection for humans, mainly through its effect on rodent community composition and distribution. It is important to understand how landscapes influence population dynamics for different rodent species and the subsequent effect on HFRS risk. To determine how rodent community composition influenced human hantavirus infection, we monitored rodent communities in the prefecture-level cities of Loudi and Shaoyang, China, from 2006 to 2013. Land use data were extracted from satellite images and rodent community diversity was analyzed in 45 trapping sites, in different environments. Potential contact matrices, determining how rodent community composition influence HFRS infection among different land use types, were estimated based on rodent community composition and environment type for geo-located HFRS cases. Apodemus agrarius and Rattus norvegicus were the predominant species in Loudi and Shaoyang, respectively. The major risk of HFRS infection was concentrated in areas with cultivated land and was associated with A. agrarius, R. norvegicus, and Rattus flavipectus. In urban areas in Shaoyang, Mus musculus was related to risk of hantavirus infection. Landscape features and rodent community dynamics may affect the risk of human hantavirus infection. Results of this study may be useful for the development of HFRS prevention initiatives that are customized for regions with different geographical environments.

(1) Introduction: The available studies on the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and menopause report conflicting results. (2) Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association of menopausal status, age at menopause, and length of the reproductive period with T2DM. (3) Methods: This cross-sectional study is part of the ‘China Eastern Cohort Study’, which is a community-based cohort study. Multistage, stratified, clustered sampling was used to recruit the study participants in Shanghai, China. Age at menarche and menopause was recorded, and reproductive period was calculated. Weighted logistic regression was used to calculate the prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of T2DM. Restricted cubic splines were used to assess the relationship between age at menopause, reproductive period, and T2DM. (4) Results: A total of 20,128 women were included. The prevalence of T2DM was 13.7%. Postmenopausal women exhibited a higher prevalence of T2DM than premenopausal women (p < 0.001) and an unfavorable metabolic profile, including higher body mass index, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. A higher risk of T2DM was observed in postmenopausal women (PR2.12, 95%CI: 1.79–2.51, p < 0.001) compared with premenopausal women, independently of confounding factors. After adjustment for confounding factors, age at menopause and reproductive period were not significantly associated with T2DM. (5) Conclusions: Postmenopausal status is associated with T2DM, while menopausal age and reproductive period are not associated with T2DM. Menopausal status should be considered during T2DM screening.

In previous studies, it has been documented that a short reproductive period is associated with a higher risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. This study aims to investigate the association of the reproductive period length with decreased renal function. This study obtained data from “the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank”. An estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 60 mL/min/1.73 m² indicated decreased renal function during follow-up. Participants were grouped into quintiles by reproductive period. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between the reproductive period and decreased renal function. A total of 5503 menopausal women with baseline eGFR > 60 mL/min/1.73 m² were included. Age, eGFR, and metabolic equivalent of task (MET) at baseline were 61.0 (range, 36.0–74.0) years, 92.2 (range, 60.1–194.5) mL/min/1.73 m², and 1386 (range, 160–6678), respectively. A reproductive period of 37–45 years was associated with a lower risk of decreased eGFR (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.35–1.00, p = 0.049) after adjusting for confounding variables. METs decreased the risk of decreased eGFR in women with a reproductive period of 37–45 years (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.23–0.81, p = 0.010). Women with a longer reproductive period have a lower risk of decreased renal function. METs had an opposite influence on renal function in women with longer (decreased risk) or shorter (increased risk) reproductive periods.

Hyperuricemia represents a great burden on global public health, and it is important to provide effective guidance at the level of dietary patterns. We evaluated the association between the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and the risk of hyperuricemia in a large-scale, community-based cohort in East China. In total, 45,853 participants that did not have either hyperuricemia nor gout were included and assigned a DASH dietary score based on their baseline dietary intake. They were then divided into five quintiles (Q1–Q5) according to their score, followed by cross-linkages with local health information systems and in-person surveys. Cox proportional hazards models were adopted to calculate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During a median follow-up of 4.54 years, 2079 newly diagnosed hyperuricemia cases were documented. Compared to the DASH Q1 group, the risk of incident hyperuricemia for the Q5 group was significantly reduced by 16% (HR: 0.84; 95% CIs: 0.72–0.97) in the adjusted model. The associations of DASH diet with hyperuricemia appeared stronger (P for interaction <0.001) among participants with 3–4 cardiometabolic diseases at baseline, compared with their counterparts. Our results suggest that the DASH diet could be taken into account in the recognition of risk population and the prevention of hyperuricemia.

Present studies on the association of fish consumption with risk of stroke have shown controversial results, and this association within the Chinese population remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the association between fish consumption and incidence of total stroke, ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke among adults in China. We analyzed the data of 57,701 adults aged 20–74 years, with no history of stroke, in a prospective cohort study in Shanghai. Fish consumption was calculated from a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and divided into four categories (less than 300, 300–450, 450–600 and more than 600 g/week). Participant information was linked to health information systems in which stroke event information was collected up until 31 December 2021. The hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the associations of fish consumption with risk of total stroke, ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke were estimated using cox proportional hazards regression models. Dose–response relationships were estimated using restricted cubic spline analyses. During a median follow-up of 4.56 years, 807 newly developed stroke events were ascertained, including 664 ischemic stroke events and 113 hemorrhagic stroke events. Fish consumption of 300–450 g/week was associated with a reduced risk of total stroke (HR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.64–0.94) and ischemic stroke (0.70 (0.57–0.88)) compared with fish consumption of less than 300 g/week, after adjustment for comprehensive covariates including sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, dietary patterns and disease histories. No significant association was found between fish consumption and hemorrhagic stroke. The findings of our study support the consumption level of fish recommended in the dietary guidelines.